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Scholar and Professor of International Politics
Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at London Metropolitan University
Turkish economist and policy analyst
Editor-in-Chief of Al Watan
Academic & Researcher, Bahrain
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As conflict puts multiple maritime routes under pressure at once, the value of infrastructure is no longer measured by efficiency alone. Pipelines, railways and roads are increasingly important for the redundancy they provide when established trade routes fail.
Ahmet Erdi Öztürk, Can Selçuki
Modern warfare has shifted the relationship between the amount spent on defenses and their effectiveness, as costs between offensive and defensive capabilities diverge. For Riyadh, this necessitates a review of how military resources are deployed to counter evolving threats.