Afkār is a publication of the Middle East Council on Global Affairs, providing short-form analyses, insights, and perspectives on regional issues and developments from the Council's experts and outside contributors. Afkār is published in English and Arabic, and is edited by Omar H. Rahman.
With neither a decisive military victory nor a political settlement in sight, the Middle East is sliding into an open-ended war of attrition that threatens security, trade, energy supplies, and the global economy.
Most of the AI infrastructure the Gulf has built to date is not an engine of independence but an architecture of dependence: sophisticated, expensive, and pointed in the wrong direction.
As the U.S.-Iran war flares again, commercial transit at the world’s most strategic maritime chokepoint is obstructed once more. Have alternative routes proven successful enough to offset the disruption?