The trial and conviction of senior Assad-era officials, including Bashar himself, is a watershed moment in the Syrian transition. But for accountability not to go too far, discernment between those who designed or directed the state crimes and those who were surviving in an authoritarian system is necessary.
The wars since October 7 have reshaped battlefronts and shifted power across the Middle East. Iran and Israel have confronted each other directly, bearing military, political, and economic costs, while Saudi Arabia and Türkiye have avoided this cycle of attrition and made relative gains.