North African states have transitioned from passive observers into active participants in the global contest between rival superpowers. Although they are not central players, their strategic location, abundant resources and infrastructure needs render them increasingly important in global geopolitics.
Facing a massive attack on its homeland, the Islamic Republic's response has been restrained, driven by vulnerability and the need to avoid U.S. intervention. Its strategy appears aimed at preserving deterrence and diplomatic options while managing internal fallout amid mounting civilian losses.