{"id":478898,"date":"2026-05-06T11:44:33","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T11:44:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication_chapters&#038;p=478898"},"modified":"2026-05-06T11:51:45","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T11:51:45","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%8f%d9%85%d9%82-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"publication_chapters","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%8f%d9%85%d9%82-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1<\/sup> Rashid Khalidi, &#8220;The Crisis of the Palestinian Political System,&#8221; <em>Politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/em>, Autumn Issue (3), 2009, 651-662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/pe.093.0651.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2<\/sup> &#8220;Explainer: The Palestinian Authority,&#8221; <em>Institute for Middle East Understanding,<\/em> July 2, 2021, https:\/\/imeu.org\/resources\/palestine-101\/explainer-the-palestinian-authority\/153#:~:text=The%20PA%20has%20no%20sovereignty,in%20the%20West%20Bank%20live; Omar Rahman, <em>From confusion to clarity: Three pillars for revitalizing the Palestinian national movement<\/em>, (Doha: Qatar, Brookings Doha Center, December 12, 2019), https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/from-confusion-to-clarity\/.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3<\/sup> Ayat Hamdan, <em>Foreign Aid and the Molding of the Palestinian Space,<\/em> (Ramallah, Palestine: Palestine, Bisan Center for Research and Development, October 2011), https:\/\/www.campusincamps.ps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Forgin-Aid-final-with-cover.pdf.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4<\/sup> Bruce Riedel, <em>Battle for Gaza: Hamas Jumped, Provoked and Pushed.<\/em> Op-Ed. (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, August 16, 2007), https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/battle-for-gaza-hamas-jumped-provoked-and-pushed\/.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5<\/sup> Tareq Baconi, &#8220;Leadership Without a Vision for Liberation,&#8221; <em>Al-Shabaka<\/em>, Roundtable \u2013 The Legacy of Mahmoud Abbas, January 9, 2023, https:\/\/al-shabaka.org\/roundtables\/the-legacy-of-mahmoud-abbas\/.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6<\/sup> Roger J. Givens, &#8220;Transformational Leadership: The Impact on Organizational and Personal Outcomes,&#8221; <em>Emerging Leadership Journeys<\/em> 1, no. 1 (2008), https:\/\/www.regent.edu\/journal\/emerging-leadership-journeys\/transformational-leadership-the-impact-on-organizational-and-personal-outcomes\/.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7<\/sup> Robert Booth and Conal Urguhart, &#8220;Election revolt against Fatah&#8217;s &#8216;old guard&#8217; splits party in two,&#8221; <em>The Guardian<\/em>, December 14, 2005, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2005\/dec\/15\/israel2; Omar Rahman, <em>How the Cancelation of Elections Leaves Palestinians with Nowhere to Turn,<\/em> (Washington, DC, New Lines Institute, May 28, 2021), https:\/\/newlinesinstitute.org\/middle-east-center\/how-the-cancelation-of-elections-leaves-palestinians-with-nowhere-to-turn\/.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8<\/sup> Dana El Kurd, &#8220;The Effect of the Palestinian Authority on Political Engagement,&#8221; <em>Siyasat Arabiya<\/em>, Issue 35, Article 4, (November 2018), https:\/\/siyasatarabiya.dohainstitute.org\/en\/issue035\/Pages\/art04.aspx.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9<\/sup> Israel-Gaza war death toll: Live Tracker, <em>Al Jazeera,<\/em> December 12, 2025, https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/3\/18\/gaza-tracker.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10<\/sup> &#8220;Nowhere safe in Gaza,&#8221; <em>Al Jazeera<\/em>, accessed April 13, 2026, https:\/\/interactive.aljazeera.com\/aje\/2024\/displacement-israel-war-on-gaza-no-safe-place\/.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11<\/sup> Luc Bronner, &#8220;Israel&#8217;s reign of terror over the West Bank,&#8221; <em>Le Monde<\/em>, December 10, 2025, https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/international\/article\/2025\/12\/10\/israel-imposes-reign-of-terror-on-the-west-bank_6748359_4.html.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12<\/sup> &#8220;Exclusive: Sharm el-Sheikh summit on Gaza to convene without Palestinian Authority participation,&#8221; <em>The New Arab<\/em>, October 12, 2025, https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/exclusive-sharm-el-sheikh-summit-gaza-convene-without-pa; Nurit Yohanan, &#8220;Report: After initially being refused, Palestinian Authority leader to attend Egypt summit tomorrow,&#8221; <em>The Times of Israel<\/em>, October 12, 2025, https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/liveblog_entry\/report-after-initially-being-refused-palestinian-authority-leader-to-attend-egypt-summit-tomorrow\/#:~:text=Report:%20After%20initially%20being%20refused,tomorrow%20%7C%20The%20Times%20of%20Israel.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13<\/sup> Khaled Elgindy, &#8220;The Fall and Fall of Mahmoud Abbas,&#8221; <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em>, August 30, 2024, https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/palestinian-territories\/fall-and-fall-mahmoud-abbas; Tamer Qarmout, &#8220;Predictable in Their Failure: An Analysis of Mediation Efforts to End the Palestinian Split,&#8221; <em>International Peacekeeping<\/em> 31, no. 3 (April 2024): 283\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13533312.2024.2338410.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote14\">14<\/sup> &#8220;Palestinian national conference calls for rebuilding the PLO,&#8221; <em>The New Arab<\/em>, February 19, 2025, https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/palestinian-national-conference-calls-rebuilding-plo.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote15\">15<\/sup> Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research, &#8220;Press Release: Palestinian Public Opinion Poll (92),&#8221; press release, June 12, 2024, https:\/\/pcpsr.org\/en\/node\/980; Jack Khoury, &#8220;Can Abbas&#8217; Chosen Heir Lead the Palestinian Authority Without Any Public Support?&#8221; <em>Haaretz<\/em>, November 13, 2025, https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/middle-east-news\/palestinians\/2025-11-13\/ty-article-magazine\/.premium\/can-abbass-designated-heir-lead-the-palestinian-authority-without-any-public-support\/0000019a-7c8b-d326-a3ff-fc9b4c980000. In this article, Palestinian pollster Khalil Shikaki says that al-Sheikh no longer receives even 2% of public support and his name &#8220;doesn&#8217;t exist in the public consciousness&#8221; as a viable leader.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote16\">16<\/sup> Adam Ragson and Aaron Boxerman, &#8220;The Palestinian Leader Who Survived the Death of Palestine,&#8221; <em>Foreign Policy Magazine,<\/em> July 31, 2023, https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2023\/07\/31\/palestine-hussein-al-sheikh-nationalism-fatah-west-bank-palestinian-authority-israel\/.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote17\">17<\/sup> Kifah Zboun, &#8220;Al Sheikh&#8217;s Appointment as PLO Secretary-General Brings Him Closer to Succeeding Abbas,&#8221; <em>Al Sharq Al-Awsat<\/em>, May 27, 2022, https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/home\/article\/3668891\/al-sheikh%E2%80%99s-appointment-plo-secretary-general-brings-him-closer-succeeding?_wrapper_format=html&amp;page=7.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote18\">18<\/sup> Nurit Yohanan, &#8220;Top Abbas aide Hussein al-Sheikh tapped as first ever PLO vice president,&#8221; <em>The Times of Israel,<\/em> April 29, 2025, https:\/\/www.timesofisrael.com\/top-abbas-aide-hussein-al-sheikh-tapped-as-first-ever-plo-vice-president\/.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote19\">19<\/sup> Nathan J. Brown, &#8220;Abbas Names a Successor (Again),&#8221; <em>Diwan,<\/em> October 30, 2025, https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/middle-east\/diwan\/2025\/10\/abbas-names-a-successor-again.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote20\">20<\/sup> Rushdi Abualouf, &#8220;Hamas presses Israel to release prominent prisoners as part of Gaza deal,&#8221; <em>BBC<\/em>, October 11, 2025, https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/cd727d2ne42o.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote21\">21<\/sup> Marium Ali, &#8220;Which are the 150+ countries that have recognized Palestine as of 2025?&#8221; <em>Al Jazeera,<\/em> September 23, 2025, https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/9\/23\/which-are-the-150-countries-that-have-recognised-palestine-as-of-2025.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote22\">22<\/sup> &#8220;ICJ says Israel&#8217;s presence in Palestinian territory is unlawful,&#8221; <em>Al Jazeera English<\/em>, July 19, 2024, https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2024\/7\/19\/world-court-says-israels-settlement-policies-breach-international-law; &#8220;Gaza: World Court Orders Israel to Prevent Genocide,&#8221; <em>Human Rights Watch<\/em>, January 26, 2024, https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2024\/01\/26\/gaza-world-court-orders-israel-prevent-genocide; David Gritten and Imogen Foulkes, &#8220;Israel has committed genocide in Gaza, UN commission of inquiry says,&#8221; <em>BBC<\/em>, September 16, 2025, https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/c8641wv0n4go.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649. \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":478900,"template":"","class_list":["post-478898","publication_chapters","type-publication_chapters","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_chapters\/478898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication_chapters"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/478900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}