{"id":474683,"date":"2025-04-22T11:23:04","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T11:23:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication_chapters&#038;p=474683"},"modified":"2025-05-27T10:43:03","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T10:43:03","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8f%d9%86%d8%a7-%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"publication_chapters","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8f%d9%86%d8%a7-%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064f\u0646\u0627&#8221;: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 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\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup> \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0646\u0627&#8221;.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup> \u201cFrontex Joint Operation \u2018Triton\u2019 \u2013 Concerted Efforts to Manage Migration in the Central Mediterranean,\u201d <em>European Commission<\/em>, October 7, 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/memo_14_566\">ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/memo_14_566<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> Alejandra Rodr\u00edguez S\u00e1nchez et al., \u201cSearch-and-Rescue in the Central Mediterranean Route Does Not Induce Migration: Predictive Modeling to Answer Causal Queries in Migration Research,\u201d <em>Scientific Reports<\/em> 13 (2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-38119-4\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-38119-4<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup> Mattia Toaldo, <em>Don\u2019t Close Borders, Manage Them: How to Improve EU Policy on Migration through Libya<\/em>, Policy Analysis, (Berlin: European Council on Foreign Relations, June 15, 2017), <a href=\"https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/publication\/dont_close_borders_manage_them_7297\/\">https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/publication\/dont_close_borders_manage_them_7297\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> Asli Aydintasbas et al., \u201cOverview: Fear and Loathing in the Eastern Mediterranean,\u201d <em>European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) MENA Team<\/em>, May 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/special\/eastern_med\/\">https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/special\/eastern_med\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> Lorena Martini and Tarek Megerisi, <em>Road to Nowhere: Why Europe\u2019s Border Externalisation is a Dead End<\/em>, Policy Brief, (Berlin: European Council on Foreign Relations, December 14, 2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/publication\/road-to-nowhere-why-europes-border-externalisation-is-a-dead-end\/#building-fortress-europe\">https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/publication\/road-to-nowhere-why-europes-border-externalisation-is-a-dead-end\/#building-fortress-europe<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup> \u201cItaly Boat Sinking: Hundreds Feared Dead Off Lampedusa,\u201d <em>BBC<\/em>, October 3, 2013, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-24380247\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-24380247<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> Adam Taylor, \u201cItaly Ran an Operation that Saved Thousands of Migrants from Drowning in the Mediterranean. Why Did It Stop?,\u201d <em>Washington Post<\/em>, April 20, 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2015\/04\/20\/italy-ran-an-operation-that-save-thousands-of-migrants-from-drowning-in-the-mediterranean-why-did-it-stop\/\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2015\/04\/20\/italy-ran-an-operation-that-save-thousands-of-migrants-from-drowning-in-the-mediterranean-why-did-it-stop\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> Duncan Robinson, \u201cAlarm at Plan to End Italy\u2019s Mare Nostrum Rescue Operation,\u201d <em>Financial Times<\/em>, October 12, 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/ec9edf84-508e-11e4-8645-00144feab7de\">https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/ec9edf84-508e-11e4-8645-00144feab7de<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> Zach Campbell, \u201cEurope\u2019s Deadly Migration Strategy,\u201d <em>Politico<\/em>, February 28, 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/europe-deadly-migration-strategy-leaked-documents\/\">https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/europe-deadly-migration-strategy-leaked-documents\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup> James Reynolds, \u201cMarco Minniti: The Man who Cut the Migrant Flow to Italy,\u201d<em> BBC<\/em>, September 20, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-45575763\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-45575763<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup>Lorena Martini and Tarek Megerisi, <em>Road to Nowhere<\/em>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> Asli Aydintasbas, \u201cTurkey: A Deal Is Possible,\u201d <em>European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) MENA Programme<\/em>, May 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/special\/eastern_med\/turkey\">https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/special\/eastern_med\/turkey<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> \u201cFrance Stokes Turkey Tensions by Sending Naval Vessels to Waters Off Cyprus,\u201d <em>Financial Times<\/em>, August 13, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/465ba697-451f-4601-b1a7-02eca6680edc\">https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/465ba697-451f-4601-b1a7-02eca6680edc<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup> \u201cBerlin International Conference on Libya \u2013 19 January 2020: Conference Outcomes,\u201d, United Nations Support Mission in Libya, January 19, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/unsmil.unmissions.org\/berlin-international-conference-libya-19-january-2020\">https:\/\/unsmil.unmissions.org\/berlin-international-conference-libya-19-january-2020<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> Tarek Megerisi, \u201cThe EU\u2019s \u2018Irini\u2019 Libya Mission: Europe\u2019s Operation Cassandra,\u201d European Council on Foreign Relations, April 3, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/article\/commentary_the_eus_irini_libya_mission_europes_operation_cassandra\/\">https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/article\/commentary_the_eus_irini_libya_mission_europes_operation_cassandra\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup> Karim Mezran and Aldo Liga, \u201cAfter anti-migration efforts shrank its influence, Rome needs a new Libya policy,\u201d <em>Atlantic Council<\/em>, 30 July 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/in-depth-research-reports\/report\/after-anti-migration-efforts-shrank-its-influence-rome-needs-a-new-libya-policy\/\">https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/in-depth-research-reports\/report\/after-anti-migration-efforts-shrank-its-influence-rome-needs-a-new-libya-policy\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2013)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":474731,"template":"","class_list":["post-474683","publication_chapters","type-publication_chapters","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_chapters\/474683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication_chapters"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/474731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=474683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}