{"id":474246,"date":"2025-03-20T07:05:52","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T07:05:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication_chapters&#038;p=474246"},"modified":"2025-03-26T09:03:29","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T09:03:29","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%81%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"publication_chapters","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication_chapters\/%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%81%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW13180460 BCX0\">\u060c<\/span> <\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW13180460 BCX0\" lang=\"AR-LB\" xml:lang=\"AR-LB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW13180460 BCX0\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW13180460 BCX0\">\u0643\u0644<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW13180460 BCX0\"> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW13180460 BCX0\">\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW13180460 BCX0\"> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 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justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 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href=\"#endnote30\"><sup>30<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote31\"><sup>31<\/sup><\/a> \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 2 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-474337 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-15-1024x544.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"398\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-15-1024x544.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-15-300x159.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-15-768x408.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-15-1536x816.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-15-2048x1087.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-15-1568x833.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/398;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (QEERI)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 (GORD). \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 (QRDI) \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u062d \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064e \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u064e\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 3. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648&#8221;\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 (NPC)\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-474339 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-16-1024x544.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"398\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-16-1024x544.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-16-300x159.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-16-768x408.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-16-1536x816.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/visual-DeemaN-16-2048x1087.png 2048w, 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(<\/strong><strong>MSF<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u0648\u0645\u0636&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0631 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>MED<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062e\u0651\u064e\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0634\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u064e\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u062c:<\/strong> \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup> Yasir Elginaid Mohieldeen, Elnaiem Ali Elobaid, and Rifaat Abdalla, \u201cGIS-based framework for artificial aquifer recharge to secure sustainable strategic water reserves in Qatar arid environment peninsula,\u201d\u00a0<em>Scientific Reports<\/em> 11, no.1 (September 2021), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-97593-w\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-97593-w<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> Mehzabeen Mannan, Mohamed Alhaj, Abdel Nasser Mabrouk, and Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, \u201cExamining the life-cycle environmental impacts of desalination: A case study in the State of Qatar,\u201d <em>Desalination<\/em>\u00a0452 (February 2019): 238-246, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.desal.2018.11.017\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.desal.2018.11.017<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a:<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> Aref Shokri and Mahdi Sanavi Fard, \u201cTechno-economic assessment of water desalination: Future outlooks and challenges,\u201d <em>Process Safety and Environmental Protection<\/em> 169 (January 2023): 564\u2013578, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psep.2022.11.007\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psep.2022.11.007<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064f\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> Huyen Trang Do Thi and Andr\u00e1s J\u00f3zsef T\u00f3th, \u201cInvestigation of Carbon Footprints of Three Desalination Technologies: Reverse Osmosis (RO), Multi-Stage Flash Distillation (MSF), and Multi-Effect Distillation (MED),\u201d\u00a0<em>Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering <\/em>67, no.1 (February 2023): 1-8, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3311\/PPch.20901\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3311\/PPch.20901<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup> Muhammad Mannan et al., \u201cExamining the Life-Cycle Environmental Impacts of Desalination: A Case Study in the State of Qatar,\u201d\u00a0<em>Desalination<\/em>\u00a0452 (2019): 238,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.desal.2018.11.017\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.desal.2018.11.017<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup> Planning and Statistics Authority, <em>Third Qatar National Development Strategy (2024-2030),<\/em> (Doha, Qatar: National Planning Council, 2024), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npc.qa\/en\/planning\/nds3\/Documents\/QNDS3_EN.pdf\">https:\/\/www.npc.qa\/en\/planning\/nds3\/Documents\/QNDS3_EN.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> Gemma Raluy, Luis Serra, and Javier Uche, \u201cLife cycle assessment of MSF, MED and RO desalination technologies,\u201d\u00a0<em>Energy<\/em>\u00a031, no. 13 (October 2006): 2361-2372, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.energy.2006.02.005\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.energy.2006.02.005<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629:<\/strong> \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641 (ppt) \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0631 (\u063a\/\u0644) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631<\/strong>: \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup> Mannan et al., \u201cExamining the Life-Cycle Environmental Impacts,\u201d p. 239.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup> Huyen Trang Do Thi and Andr\u00e1s J\u00f3zsef T\u00f3th, \u201cInvestigation of Carbon Footprints of Three Desalination Technologies: Reverse Osmosis (RO), Multi-Stage Flash Distillation (MSF), and Multi-Effect Distillation (MED),\u201d\u00a0<em>Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering\u00a0<\/em>67, no.1 (February 2023): 43,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3311\/PPch.20901\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3311\/PPch.20901<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup> \u201cGulf Technical Regulation to enhance sustainability of Qatar water resources<em>,\u201d The Peninsula<\/em>, October 18, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/18\/10\/2024\/gulf-technical-regulation-to-enhance-sustainability-of-qatar-water-resources\">https:\/\/thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/18\/10\/2024\/gulf-technical-regulation-to-enhance-sustainability-of-qatar-water-resources<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup> Shahzada Aly, Jasir\u00a0Jawad,\u00a0Husnain\u00a0Manzoor,\u00a0Simjo\u00a0Simson,\u00a0Jenny\u00a0Lawler,\u00a0and Abdel Nasser\u00a0Mabrouk, \u201cPilot testing of a novel integrated Multi Effect Distillation-Absorber compressor (MED-AB) technology for high performance seawater desalination,\u201d\u00a0<em>Desalination<\/em> <em>521<\/em> (January 2022), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.desal.2021.115388\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.desal.2021.115388<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup> \u201cAdsorption Desalination Plant,\u201d Saudipedia, accessed January 19, 2025,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/saudipedia.com\/en\/article\/866\/government-and-politics\/water-and-agriculture\/adsorption-desalination-plant\">https:\/\/saudipedia.com\/en\/article\/866\/government-and-politics\/water-and-agriculture\/adsorption-desalination-plant<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup> \u201cAbout GPID,\u201d Global Prize for Innovation in Water Desalination, accessed January 12, 2025,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gpid.net\/\">https:\/\/gpid.net\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup> Qatar General Electricity &amp; Water Corporation (Kahramaa), <em>Qatar National Renewable Energy Strategy<\/em>, (Doha, Qatar: Kahramaa, August 28, 2024), 13, <a href=\"https:\/\/km.qa\/RenewableEnergy\/Documents\/QNRES_Strategy_EN.pdf\">https:\/\/km.qa\/RenewableEnergy\/Documents\/QNRES_Strategy_EN.pdf<\/a>https:\/\/km.qa\/RenewableEnergy\/Documents\/QNRES_Strategy_EN.pdf.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup> Kahramaa, <em>Qatar National Renewable Energy Strategy<\/em>, 21.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup> Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup> Olivia Bolt, \u201cHydrogen Energy: Working and Uses,\u201d <em>Energy Theory<\/em>, March 4, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/energytheory.com\/hydrogen-energy-work\/\">https:\/\/energytheory.com\/hydrogen-energy-work\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup> Du Wen, Po-Chih Kuo, and Muhammad Aziz, \u201cNovel renewable seawater desalination system using hydrogen as energy carrier for self-sustaining community,\u201d <em>Desalination <\/em>579 (June 2024): 117475, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.desal.2024.117475\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.desal.2024.117475<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup> Hani Tohme et. al., <em>Green H<sub>2 <\/sub>as new growth pocket for desalination &#8211; Once it takes off at scale<\/em>, Article, (Dubai, UAE: Roland Berger, 2023), 7-10, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rolandberger.com\/publications\/publication_pdf\/Green-H2-as-new-growth-pocket-for-desalination.pdf\">https:\/\/www.rolandberger.com\/publications\/publication_pdf\/Green-H2-as-new-growth-pocket-for-desalination.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup> Christopher M. Fellows, \u201cWhat does the seawater desalination industry need from polymer scientists?\u201d, <em>Polymer International<\/em> 74, no.2 (February 2025), 87-94, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pi.6721\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pi.6721<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote30\">30 <\/sup> Thomas Horseman et. al, \u201cWetting, Scaling, and Fouling in Membrane Distillation: State-of-the-Art Insights on Fundamental Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies,\u201d <em>ACS ES&amp;T Engineering <\/em>1, no.1 (October 2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/346044457_Wetting_Scaling_and_Fouling_in_Membrane_Distillation_State-of-the-Art_Insights_on_Fundamental_Mechanisms_and_Mitigation_Strategies\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/346044457_Wetting_Scaling_and_Fouling_in_Membrane_Distillation_State-of-the-Art_Insights_on_Fundamental_Mechanisms_and_Mitigation_Strategies<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote31\">31 <\/sup> Tomer Erfat, \u201cFrom Sustainable to Self-Sustained: The Future of Seawater Desalination Merges Sustainability with Profitability,\u201d <em>IDE Technologies<\/em>, September 5, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/ide-tech.com\/en\/blog\/from-sustainable-to-self-sustained-the-future-of-seawater-desalination-merges-sustainability-with-profitability\/\">https:\/\/ide-tech.com\/en\/blog\/from-sustainable-to-self-sustained-the-future-of-seawater-desalination-merges-sustainability-with-profitability\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote32\">32 <\/sup> World Bank, <em>Renewable Energy Desalination: An Emerging Solution to Close the Water Gap in the Middle East and North Africa<\/em>, (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012), 81-84, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1596\/978-0-8213-8838-9\">https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1596\/978-0-8213-8838-9<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote33\">33 <\/sup> Karthik Kumar, \u201cGreen Hydrogen in Asia: A Brief Survey of Existing Programmes and Projects,\u201d <em>Orrick<\/em>, July 26, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.orrick.com\/en\/Insights\/2023\/07\/Green-Hydrogen-in-Asia-A-Brief-Survey-of-Existing-Programmes-and-Projects\">https:\/\/www.orrick.com\/en\/Insights\/2023\/07\/Green-Hydrogen-in-Asia-A-Brief-Survey-of-Existing-Programmes-and-Projects<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote34\">34 <\/sup>Shefaa Mansour, Hassan A. Arafat, and Shadi W. Hasan, \u201cBrine Management in Desalination Plants,\u201d in <em>Desalination Sustainability: A Technical, Socioeconomic, and Environmental Approach<\/em>, wd\/ Hassan Arafat (Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2017), 220-221.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote35\">35 <\/sup> Qatar Electricity and Water Company (QEWC), <em>Annual Report 2023<\/em>, (Doha, Qatar: QEWC, March 2024), 14, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qewc.com\/qewc\/en\/download\/annual-reports-year-2023\/\">https:\/\/www.qewc.com\/qewc\/en\/download\/annual-reports-year-2023\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 &#8220;IWPPs&#8221;)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 (MSF)  \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (MED)\u060c  \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":474328,"template":"","class_list":["post-474246","publication_chapters","type-publication_chapters","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_chapters\/474246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication_chapters"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/474328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=474246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}