{"id":474061,"date":"2025-02-27T16:09:21","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T16:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication_chapters&#038;p=474061"},"modified":"2025-02-27T16:11:31","modified_gmt":"2025-02-27T16:11:31","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%83%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%91%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%81%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"publication_chapters","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%83%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%91%d8%b2-%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%81%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup> Hydrogen Council, <em>Hydrogen for Net Zero: A critical cost-competitive energy vector<\/em>, (Brussels, Belgium: Hydrogen Council, November 2021), 5, <a href=\"https:\/\/hydrogencouncil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hydrogen-for-Net-Zero.pdf\">https:\/\/hydrogencouncil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hydrogen-for-Net-Zero.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup> International Energy Agency, <em>Global Hydrogen Review 2021<\/em>, (Paris: International Energy Agency, November 2021), 19-20, <a href=\"https:\/\/iea.blob.core.windows.net\/assets\/5bd46d7b-906a-4429-abda-e9c507a62341\/GlobalHydrogenReview2021.pdf\">https:\/\/iea.blob.core.windows.net\/assets\/5bd46d7b-906a-4429-abda-e9c507a62341\/GlobalHydrogenReview2021.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> International Energy Agency, <em>The Future of Hydrogen<\/em>, (Paris: International Energy Agency, June 2019), 17, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/the-future-of-hydrogen\">https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/the-future-of-hydrogen<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup> \u201cHydrogen,\u201d International Renewable Energy Agency, accessed January 12, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irena.org\/Energy-Transition\/Technology\/Hydrogen\">https:\/\/www.irena.org\/Energy-Transition\/Technology\/Hydrogen<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> Hydrogen Council, <em>Hydrogen for Net Zero<\/em>, VI.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> Hydrogen Council, <em>Hydrogen for Net Zero<\/em>, V.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631. \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> \u201cKorea Hydrogen Economy Roadmap 2040,\u201d International Energy Agency, accessed January 12, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/policies\/6566-korea-hydrogen-economy-roadmap-2040\">https:\/\/www.iea.org\/policies\/6566-korea-hydrogen-economy-roadmap-2040<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> \u201cNational Green Hydrogen Mission,\u201d Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, accessed January 12, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/mnre.gov.in\/en\/national-green-hydrogen-mission\/\">https:\/\/mnre.gov.in\/en\/national-green-hydrogen-mission\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup> \u201cChina Plans for 50,000 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles by 2025,\u201d <em>Fuel Cells Works<\/em>, accessed January 12, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/fuelcellsworks.com\/news\/china-plans-for-50000-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles-by-2025\">https:\/\/fuelcellsworks.com\/news\/china-plans-for-50000-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles-by-2025<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup> \u201cFactsheet on China, the world\u2019s largest Hydrogen producer and consumer,\u201d accessed February 2, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/ptx-hub.org\/factsheet-on-china-the-worlds-largest-hydrogen-producer-and-consumer\/\">https:\/\/ptx-hub.org\/factsheet-on-china-the-worlds-largest-hydrogen-producer-and-consumer\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan, <em>Japan\u2019s Hydrogen Strategy and Future Policy Directions<\/em>, (Tokyo: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, June 6, 2023), 4, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.meti.go.jp\/shingikai\/enecho\/shoene_shinene\/suiso_seisaku\/pdf\/20230606_5.pdf\">https:\/\/www.meti.go.jp\/shingikai\/enecho\/shoene_shinene\/suiso_seisaku\/pdf\/20230606_5.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> Aisha Al-Sarihi, Ehsan Rasoulinezhad, and Jinseok Sung, \u201cThe Gulf Touts Hydrogen, But is it Hype or Opportunity?\u201d <em>MEI Perspectives Series 35<\/em>, Middle East Institute, June 20, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/mei.nus.edu.sg\/publication\/mei-perspectives-series-35-gulf-turns-to-hydrogen-hype-or-opportunity\/\">https:\/\/mei.nus.edu.sg\/publication\/mei-perspectives-series-35-gulf-turns-to-hydrogen-hype-or-opportunity\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup> Wu, Wanying, Haibo Zhai, and Eugene Holubnyak. &#8220;Technological evolution of large-scale blue hydrogen production toward the US Hydrogen Energy Earthshot.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Nature Communications<\/em>\u00a015, no. 1 (2024): 5684, 3, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-50090-w\/\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-50090-w\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> Leigh Collins, \u201cSaudi Aramco Struggling to Find Buyers for Its Blue Hydrogen Due to High Costs,\u201d <em>Hydrogen Insight<\/em>, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydrogeninsight.com\/production\/saudi-aramco-struggling-to-find-buyers-for-its-blue-hydrogen-due-to-high-costs\/2-1-1449004#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIt%20is%20very%20difficult%20to,are%20waiting%20for%20government%20incentives\">https:\/\/www.hydrogeninsight.com\/production\/saudi-aramco-struggling-to-find-buyers-for-its-blue-hydrogen-due-to-high-costs\/2-1-1449004#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIt%20is%20very%20difficult%20to,are%20waiting%20for%20government%20incentives<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup> International Energy Agency, <em>Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy System<\/em>, (Paris: International Energy Agency, 2021), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/events\/net-zero-by-2050-a-roadmap-for-the-global-energy-system\">https:\/\/www.iea.org\/events\/net-zero-by-2050-a-roadmap-for-the-global-energy-system<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup> Fattouh, Bassam, Hasan Muslemani, and Raeid Jewad,\u00a0<em>Capture Carbon, Capture Value: An Overview of CCS Business Models<\/em> (Oxford, UK: The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, February 2024), OIES Paper CM08, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordenergy.org\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/CM08-Capture-Carbon-Capture-Value_Final.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oxfordenergy.org\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/CM08-Capture-Carbon-Capture-Value_Final.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup> \u201cTensions rise in the world\u2019s most strategic oil chokepoint,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, July 19, 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/graphics\/MIDEAST-ATTACKS-HORMUZ\/0100B0B50N3\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/graphics\/MIDEAST-ATTACKS-HORMUZ\/0100B0B50N3\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,5-2,0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":474048,"template":"","class_list":["post-474061","publication_chapters","type-publication_chapters","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_chapters\/474061","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication_chapters"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/474048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=474061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}