{"id":474004,"date":"2025-02-20T15:04:26","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T15:04:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication_chapters&#038;p=474004"},"modified":"2025-02-20T15:03:56","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T15:03:56","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ae%d9%81%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"publication_chapters","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ae%d9%81%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u0636 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (CORSIA)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627&#8221;<a href=\"#endnote17\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064e\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"666\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"149\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"517\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"149\"><strong>\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"517\">\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 (6.2\u060c 6.4\u060c 6.8) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 COP26\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"149\"><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"517\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"149\"><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"517\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c<a href=\"#endnote19\"><sup>19<\/sup><\/a> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (ICVCM)<a href=\"#endnote21\"><sup>21<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (VCMI)<a href=\"#endnote20\"><sup>20<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u062f\u0634\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<a href=\"#endnote22\"><sup>22<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; (GCOM)\u060c<a href=\"#endnote23\"><sup>23<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648.<a href=\"#endnote24\"><sup>24<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646<a href=\"#endnote25\"><sup>25<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<a href=\"#endnote26\"><sup>26<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<a href=\"#endnote27\"><sup>27<\/sup><\/a> \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (RVCMC) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c<a href=\"#endnote28\"><sup>28<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 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\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<table width=\"708\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"76\"><strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641 <\/strong><strong>\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"394\"><strong>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">7 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"394\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">30% by 2035<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">2060<\/td>\n<td width=\"394\">\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0629 &#8220;\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote36\"><sup>36<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\">\u0645\u0635\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">37 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"394\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FRA) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CERs) \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c<a href=\"#endnote37\"><sup>37<\/sup><\/a> \u062a\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 COP27.<a href=\"#endnote38\"><sup>38<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">15 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"394\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a &#8220;Capturiant&#8221; \u0648&#8221;Sharp Mind Global Ventures&#8221;.<a href=\"#endnote39\"><sup>39<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">31 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"394\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">7.4% by 2035<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">2060<\/td>\n<td width=\"394\">\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a&#8221; (Carbon Offset) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote40\"><sup>40<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\">\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">20 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c 31 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">2050<\/td>\n<td width=\"394\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">3 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c 45,5 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">2050<\/td>\n<td width=\"394\">\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote41\"><sup>41<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\">\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">21 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">2050<\/td>\n<td width=\"394\">\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\">\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">25 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"394\">\u062a\u064f\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"73\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0640278 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030\u060c 50 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030.<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">2060<\/td>\n<td width=\"394\">\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u064e\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0651\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0651\u062b \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 COP27 \u0648COP28. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup> Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, March 20, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/sixth-assessment-report-cycle\/\">https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/sixth-assessment-report-cycle\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup> United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), \u201cWhat Are Carbon Markets and Why Are They Important?\u201d <em>UNDP Climate Promise<\/em> (Blog), May 18, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/climatepromise.undp.org\/news-and-stories\/what-are-carbon-markets-and-why-are-they-important\">https:\/\/climatepromise.undp.org\/news-and-stories\/what-are-carbon-markets-and-why-are-they-important<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> Anders Porsborg-Smith, Jesper Nielsen, Bayo Owolabi, and Carl Clayton, \u201cThe Voluntary Carbon Market Is Thriving,\u201d <em>Boston Consulting Group<\/em> (Energy Transition Blog), January 19, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/publications\/2023\/why-the-voluntary-carbon-market-is-thriving\">https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/publications\/2023\/why-the-voluntary-carbon-market-is-thriving<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup> Ben Payton, \u201cAfrica Hopes for Starring Role if Carbon Offsets Market Can Overcome Credibility Crisis,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, October 2, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/sustainability\/land-use-biodiversity\/africa-hopes-starring-role-if-carbon-offsets-market-can-overcome-credibility-2023-10-02\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/sustainability\/land-use-biodiversity\/africa-hopes-starring-role-if-carbon-offsets-market-can-overcome-credibility-2023-10-02\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> U.S. Department of State, \u201cUnited States and Partners Announce Energy Transition Accelerator Framework\u201d Press release, December 4, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/united-states-and-partners-announce-energy-transition-accelerator-framework\/\">https:\/\/www.state.gov\/united-states-and-partners-announce-energy-transition-accelerator-framework\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> Laura El-Katiri, Fatih Y\u0131lmaz, and Mari Luomi, <em>Middle East and North Africa and the Circular Carbon Economy: Seizing the Potential for Action<\/em>, (Riyadh: King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2024), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kapsarc.org\/research\/publications\/middle-east-and-north-africa-and-the-circular-carbon-economy-seizing-the-potential-for-action\/\">https:\/\/www.kapsarc.org\/research\/publications\/middle-east-and-north-africa-and-the-circular-carbon-economy-seizing-the-potential-for-action\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup>\u201cThe UAE\u2019s Net Zero 2050 Strategy,\u201d United Arab Emirates Government Portal, May 7, 2024, accessed January 15, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/u.ae\/en\/about-the-uae\/strategies-initiatives-and-awards\/strategies-plans-and-visions\/environment-and-energy\/the-uae-net-zero-2050-strategy\">https:\/\/u.ae\/en\/about-the-uae\/strategies-initiatives-and-awards\/strategies-plans-and-visions\/environment-and-energy\/the-uae-net-zero-2050-strategy<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> Oman Ministry of Energy and Minerals, \u201cOman Announces 2050 Net Zero Commitment and Unveils Ambitious Green Hydrogen Strategy,\u201d October 24, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/mem.gov.om\/en-us\/Media-Center\/News\/ArtMID\/608\/ArticleID\/1281\/Oman-announces-2050-Net-Zero-commitment-and-unveils-ambitious-green-hydrogen-strategy\">https:\/\/mem.gov.om\/en-us\/Media-Center\/News\/ArtMID\/608\/ArticleID\/1281\/Oman-announces-2050-Net-Zero-commitment-and-unveils-ambitious-green-hydrogen-strategy<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> \u201cBahrain Unveils National Energy Strategy to Achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2060,\u201d <em>Bahrain News Agency (BNA)<\/em>, November 30, 2023,<\/h6>\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bna.bh\/en\/BahrainunveilsNationalEnergyStrategytoachievenetzeroemissionsby2060.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDmrpAGzfe0mtKhu2tvM4LUY%3D\">https:\/\/www.bna.bh\/en\/BahrainunveilsNationalEnergyStrategytoachievenetzeroemissionsby2060.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDmrpAGzfe0mtKhu2tvM4LUY%3D<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> BBC News, \u201cSaudi Arabia commits to net zero emissions by 2060,\u201d October 23, 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-58955584\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-58955584<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup> Argus Media, \u201cCOP 27: Kuwait Pledges Net Zero Emissions by 2060,\u201d November 11, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.argusmedia.com\/en\/news-and-insights\/latest-market-news\/2388715-cop-27-kuwait-pledges-net-zero-emissions-by-2060\">https:\/\/www.argusmedia.com\/en\/news-and-insights\/latest-market-news\/2388715-cop-27-kuwait-pledges-net-zero-emissions-by-2060<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup> United Nations, <em>Energy Compact of the Republic of Lebanon,<\/em> 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sites\/un2.un.org\/files\/energy_compact_lebanon_sep18.pdf\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/sites\/un2.un.org\/files\/energy_compact_lebanon_sep18.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> Ministry of Environment of Tunisia, \u201cStrat\u00e9gie de D\u00e9veloppement Neutre en Carbone et R\u00e9silient aux Changements Climatiques \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050,\u201d (Tunis, Tunisia: UNFCCC, November 2, 2022), <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/documents\/620592\">https:\/\/unfccc.int\/documents\/620592<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> \u201c<em>Share of World Crude Oil Reserve,\u201d <\/em>Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), accessed January 15, 2025, , <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opec.org\/opec_web\/en\/data_graphs\/330.htm\">https:\/\/www.opec.org\/opec_web\/en\/data_graphs\/330.htm<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup> British Petroleum (BP) p.l.c., \u201cMiddle East\u2019s Energy Market in 2020,\u201d in <em>Statistical Review of World Energy \u2013 2021<\/em> (London, UK: BP p.l.c., 2021), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bp.com\/content\/dam\/bp\/business-sites\/en\/global\/corporate\/pdfs\/energy-economics\/statistical-review\/bp-stats-review-2021-middle-east-insights.pdf\">https:\/\/www.bp.com\/content\/dam\/bp\/business-sites\/en\/global\/corporate\/pdfs\/energy-economics\/statistical-review\/bp-stats-review-2021-middle-east-insights.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> Wood Mackenzie, <em>COP28: Middle East Could Play a Key Role in Decarbonising Global Economy<\/em> (Wood Mackensie, November 23, 2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.woodmac.com\/press-releases\/energy-transition-outlook-middle-east\/\">https:\/\/www.woodmac.com\/press-releases\/energy-transition-outlook-middle-east\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup>\u201c<em>Offsetting CO2 Emissions with CORSIA,\u201d <\/em>International Air Transport Association (IATA), accessed January 7, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iata.org\/en\/programs\/sustainability\/corsia\/\">https:\/\/www.iata.org\/en\/programs\/sustainability\/corsia\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup> Beatriz Granziera, Kelley Hamrick, and John Verdieck, <em>Article 6 Explainer<\/em> (The Nature Conservancy, 2024), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.org\/content\/dam\/tnc\/nature\/en\/documents\/TNC_Article_6_Explainer.pdf\">https:\/\/www.nature.org\/content\/dam\/tnc\/nature\/en\/documents\/TNC_Article_6_Explainer.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup> \u201cWhat You Need to Know About Article 6 of the Paris Agreement,\u201d World Bank, May 17, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2022\/05\/17\/what-you-need-to-know-about-article-6-of-the-paris-agreement\">https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2022\/05\/17\/what-you-need-to-know-about-article-6-of-the-paris-agreement<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup> \u201cLeading the Way to High Integrity in the Voluntary Carbon Market,\u201d Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM), accessed January 7, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/icvcm.org\/\">https:\/\/icvcm.org\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup> Luke Mendenhall, \u201cUnlocking the Voluntary Carbon Market: How VCMI Guides Corporations to Credible Carbon Credit Claims,\u201d <em>EcoAct<\/em>, June 10, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/eco-act.com\/blog\/unlocking-vcmi\/\">https:\/\/eco-act.com\/blog\/unlocking-vcmi\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup> \u201cAbu Dhabi to Launch the First Regulated Carbon Credit Trading Exchange and Clearing House in the World,\u201d Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM), March 29, 2022,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.adgm.com\/media\/announcements\/abu-dhabi-to-launch-first-regulated-carbon-credit-trading-exchange-and-clearing-house-in-the-world\">https:\/\/www.adgm.com\/media\/announcements\/abu-dhabi-to-launch-first-regulated-carbon-credit-trading-exchange-and-clearing-house-in-the-world<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup> Ministry of Energy, Saudi Arabia, \u201cSaudi Arabia Launches Groundbreaking Greenhouse Gas Crediting and Offsetting Mechanism to Advance Global Climate Goals,\u201d October 9, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moenergy.gov.sa\/en\/MediaCenter\/ClimateWeek\/Pages\/KSA-Launches-GHG-Crediting-and-Offsetting-Mechanism-GCOM.aspx\">https:\/\/www.moenergy.gov.sa\/en\/MediaCenter\/ClimateWeek\/Pages\/KSA-Launches-GHG-Crediting-and-Offsetting-Mechanism-GCOM.aspx<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup> \u201cEgypt launches 1st voluntary carbon certificate trading market,\u201d Zawya, August 13, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zawya.com\/en\/markets\/equities\/egypt-launches-1st-voluntary-carbon-certificate-trading-market-oe02qa1w\">https:\/\/www.zawya.com\/en\/markets\/equities\/egypt-launches-1st-voluntary-carbon-certificate-trading-market-oe02qa1w<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup> Oman News Agency , \u201cOman Completes Final Draft of General Policy Framework for Carbon Markets,\u201d <em>Times of Oman<\/em>, August 28, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofoman.com\/article\/149236-oman-completes-final-draft-of-general-policy-framework-for-carbon-markets\">https:\/\/timesofoman.com\/article\/149236-oman-completes-final-draft-of-general-policy-framework-for-carbon-markets<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup> Ministry of the Environment, Japan, \u201cProgress and plans of the Article 6 Implementation Partnership,\u201d June 9, 2023,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/carbon-markets.env.go.jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1_SB58_Presentation_Ministry_of_the_Environment_Japan.pdf\">http:\/\/carbon-markets.env.go.jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1_SB58_Presentation_Ministry_of_the_Environment_Japan.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup> \u201cRepublic of Tunisia: Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC),\u201d UNFCCC, August 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/NDC\/2022-06\/INDC-Tunisia-English%20Version.pdf\">https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/NDC\/2022-06\/INDC-Tunisia-English%20Version.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup> Deena Kamel, \u201cSaudi Arabia\u2019s PIF and Tadawul to Set Up Voluntary Carbon Trading Platform,\u201d <em>The National<\/em>, September 4, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/2021\/09\/04\/saudi-arabias-pif-and-tadawul-to-set-up-voluntary-carbon-trading-platform\/\">https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/2021\/09\/04\/saudi-arabias-pif-and-tadawul-to-set-up-voluntary-carbon-trading-platform\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup> &#8220;The Middle East\u2019s First Regulated Carbon Credit Fund is Launched at ADFW, Offset8 Capital Secures ADGM\u2019s In-Principle Approval,&#8221; Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM), November 29, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adgm.com\/media\/announcements\/offset8-capital-secures-adgms-in-principle-approval\">https:\/\/www.adgm.com\/media\/announcements\/offset8-capital-secures-adgms-in-principle-approval<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote30\">30 <\/sup> \u201cMinistry of Environment and Climate Change Hosts \u2018Carbon Markets Workshop\u2019 From Today,\u201d <em>Gulf Times<\/em>, September 11, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gulf-times.com\/article\/668225\/business\/ministry-of-environment-and-climate-change-hosts-carbon-markets-workshop-from-today\">https:\/\/www.gulf-times.com\/article\/668225\/business\/ministry-of-environment-and-climate-change-hosts-carbon-markets-workshop-from-today<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote31\">31 <\/sup> \u201cDuring a workshop on the upcoming climate negotiations at COP29, HE the Minister of Environment and Climate Change reviews Qatar\u2019s efforts to address climate challenges,\u201d Press Release, Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, Qatar, \u00a0May 21, 2024,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mecc.gov.qa\/en\/during-a-workshop-on-the-upcoming-climate-negotiations-at-cop29-he-the-minister-of-environment-and-climate-change-reviews-qatars-efforts-to-address-climate-challenges-published-on\/\">https:\/\/www.mecc.gov.qa\/en\/during-a-workshop-on-the-upcoming-climate-negotiations-at-cop29-he-the-minister-of-environment-and-climate-change-reviews-qatars-efforts-to-address-climate-challenges-published-on\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote32\">32 <\/sup> Quantum Commodity Intelligence, \u201cExclusive: Qatar 2022 to Use GCC Credits to Offset CO2 Footprint,\u201d September 22, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qcintel.com\/carbon\/article\/exclusive-qatar-2022-to-use-gcc-credits-to-offset-co2-footprint-6289.html\">https:\/\/www.qcintel.com\/carbon\/article\/exclusive-qatar-2022-to-use-gcc-credits-to-offset-co2-footprint-6289.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote33\">33\u00a0<\/sup> \u201cClean Environment, Sustainable Legacy: Qatar Dazzles the World with First Carbon-Neutral World Cup,\u201d <em>Qatar News Agency<\/em>, November 18, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qna.org.qa\/en\/newsbulletins\/2022-11\/18\/0019-qatar-2022-clean-environment,-sustainable-legacy-qatar-dazzles-the-world-with-first-carbon-neutral-world-cup\">https:\/\/www.qna.org.qa\/en\/newsbulletins\/2022-11\/18\/0019-qatar-2022-clean-environment,-sustainable-legacy-qatar-dazzles-the-world-with-first-carbon-neutral-world-cup<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote34\">34 <\/sup> Paul MacInnes, \u201cQatar World Cup Criticised for \u2018Problematic\u2019 Carbon Footprint Promises,\u201d <em>The Guardian<\/em>, May 31, 2022,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/football\/2022\/may\/31\/qatar-world-cup-criticised-for-problematic-carbon-footprint-promises\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/football\/2022\/may\/31\/qatar-world-cup-criticised-for-problematic-carbon-footprint-promises<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote35\">35 <\/sup> Matteo Civillini and Joe Lo, \u201cRenewable-energy Carbon Credits Rejected by High-Integrity Scheme,\u201d <em>Climate Home News<\/em>, August 7, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/08\/07\/renewable-energy-carbon-credits-rejected-by-high-integrity-scheme\/\">https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/08\/07\/renewable-energy-carbon-credits-rejected-by-high-integrity-scheme\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote36\">36 <\/sup> \u201cLaunches Voluntary Carbon Offsetting Platform \u2018Safa\u2019,\u201d <em>Bahrain News Agency<\/em>, \u00a0December 1, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bna.bh\/en\/LaunchesVoluntaryCarbonOffsettingPlatformSafa.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDgtjsCXbSVC1Os0LhBPQ7Y0%3D\">https:\/\/www.bna.bh\/en\/LaunchesVoluntaryCarbonOffsettingPlatformSafa.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDgtjsCXbSVC1Os0LhBPQ7Y0%3D<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote37\">37 <\/sup> Edmund Bower, \u201cEgypt Launches Africa into Carbon Trading Market,\u201d <em>Arabian Gulf Business Insight<\/em>, August 16, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agbi.com\/analysis\/sustainability\/2024\/08\/egypt-launches-africa-into-carbon-trading-market\/\">https:\/\/www.agbi.com\/analysis\/sustainability\/2024\/08\/egypt-launches-africa-into-carbon-trading-market\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote38\">38 <\/sup> Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative, \u201cCOP27: Prime Minister of Egypt Launches EGX Voluntary Carbon Market, UN SSE Moderates Panel at Launch Event,\u201d November 9, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/sseinitiative.org\/all-news\/cop27-prime-minister-of-egypt-launches-egx-voluntary-carbon-market-un-sse-moderates-panel-at-launch-event\">https:\/\/sseinitiative.org\/all-news\/cop27-prime-minister-of-egypt-launches-egx-voluntary-carbon-market-un-sse-moderates-panel-at-launch-event<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote39\">39 <\/sup> \u201cCapturiant and Sharp Mind Global Ventures Announce First Middle Eastern Carbon Exchange Franchise in Iraq,\u201d Capturiant<em>, <\/em>May 21, 2024,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.capturiant.com\/news\/capturiant-and-sharp-mind-global-ventures-announce-first-middle-eastern-carbon-exchange-franchise-in-iraq\">https:\/\/www.capturiant.com\/news\/capturiant-and-sharp-mind-global-ventures-announce-first-middle-eastern-carbon-exchange-franchise-in-iraq<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote40\">40 <\/sup> \u201cKFH supports first carbon offset platform in Kuwait,\u201d <em>Kuwait Times,<\/em> November 27, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/kuwaittimes.com\/kfh-supports-first-carbon-offset-platform-in-kuwait\">https:\/\/kuwaittimes.com\/kfh-supports-first-carbon-offset-platform-in-kuwait<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote41\">41 <\/sup> \u201cVoluntary Carbon Market: Casablanca Finance City and CDG Forge a Strategic Partnership,\u201d <em>Business Wire,<\/em> September 25, 2024,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20240925082844\/en\/Voluntary-Carbon-Market-Casablanca-Finance-City-and-CDG-forge-a-Strategic-Partnership\">https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20240925082844\/en\/Voluntary-Carbon-Market-Casablanca-Finance-City-and-CDG-forge-a-Strategic-Partnership<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote42\">42 <\/sup> \u201cSaudi Arabia Launches First Voluntary Carbon Credit Exchange Platform at COP29,\u201d <em>ESG News,<\/em> November 13, 2024,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/esgnews.com\/saudi-arabia-launches-first-voluntary-carbon-credit-exchange-platform-cop29\/\">https:\/\/esgnews.com\/saudi-arabia-launches-first-voluntary-carbon-credit-exchange-platform-cop29\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote43\">43 <\/sup> \u201cJapan and the Republic of Tunisia Sign Memorandum of Cooperation for Establishing the JCM,\u201d Press Release, Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan, \u00a0August 26, 2022,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.env.go.jp\/en\/press\/press_00412.html\">https:\/\/www.env.go.jp\/en\/press\/press_00412.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote44\">44 <\/sup> \u201cAbu Dhabi to Launch the First Regulated Carbon Credit Trading Exchange and Clearing House in the World,\u201d ADGM, March 29, 2022,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.adgm.com\/media\/announcements\/abu-dhabi-to-launch-first-regulated-carbon-credit-trading-exchange-and-clearing-house-in-the-world\">https:\/\/www.adgm.com\/media\/announcements\/abu-dhabi-to-launch-first-regulated-carbon-credit-trading-exchange-and-clearing-house-in-the-world<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote45\">45 <\/sup> \u201cDFM Launches Pilot for Carbon Credits Trading at COP28,\u201d Press Release, Government of Dubai Media Office, November 23, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/mediaoffice.ae\/en\/news\/2023\/November\/23-11\/DFM-Launches-Pilot-for-Carbon-Credits\">https:\/\/mediaoffice.ae\/en\/news\/2023\/November\/23-11\/DFM-Launches-Pilot-for-Carbon-Credits<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 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