{"id":471047,"date":"2024-04-19T21:22:22","date_gmt":"2024-04-19T21:22:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication_chapters&p=471047"},"modified":"2024-05-22T09:56:16","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T09:56:16","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac","status":"publish","type":"publication_chapters","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span>\u060c <\/span>\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2023\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647<\/span> \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 <\/span>\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 <\/span>\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span>\u060c <\/span>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/span> \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/span> “<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b”<\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648<\/span> 2023\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/span>\u064b \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b” \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0642\u062f<\/span> \u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0651\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b”<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span>\u060c <\/span>\u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/span> \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/span> \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648<\/span> \u0632\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0640 “\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span>“\u060c <\/span>\u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 <\/span>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641<\/span>“.<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a<\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c <\/span>\u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 <\/span>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b” \u0643\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u062a<\/span> \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a<\/span> “<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631” \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span> \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/span>\u060c <\/span>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2024 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span>i<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span>\u060c <\/span>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u064a<\/span> \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 <\/span>\u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629.<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0648<\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 <\/span>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span> \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2024 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/span> \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644<\/span> \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c<\/span> \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 <\/span>\u2013<\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 <\/span>\u2013<\/span>\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 <\/span>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 <\/span>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 <\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a 13 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644. \u0648<\/span>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/span>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a <\/span>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0631 <\/span>\u0643\u0631\u062f<\/span>\u0651<\/span> \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a 1 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0642\u062f<\/span>\u0651<\/span>\u0645 <\/span>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 <\/span>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 <\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span>\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648<\/span>\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648<\/span>\u0651<\/span>\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640 “\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629”.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":471071,"template":"","class_list":["post-471047","publication_chapters","type-publication_chapters","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_chapters\/471047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication_chapters"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/471071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=471047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}