{"id":480691,"date":"2026-09-21T12:45:53","date_gmt":"2026-09-21T12:45:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=480691"},"modified":"2026-09-21T12:59:43","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T12:59:43","slug":"%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a8%d8%ad-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a8%d8%ad-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 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\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 2030&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1<\/sup> Jim Crane and Mark Finley, <em>The US Response to Attacks on Persian Gulf Oil Infrastructure and Strategic Implications for Petro-States.<\/em> Issue Brief. (Texas: Baker Institute for Public Policy, October 29, 2019), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bakerinstitute.org\/research\/us-response-attacks-persian-gulf-oil-infrastructure\">https:\/\/www.bakerinstitute.org\/research\/us-response-attacks-persian-gulf-oil-infrastructure<\/a> ; Adam Lucente, &#8220;Iraq intel and security officials visit Saudi Arabia after drone attacks,&#8221;\u00a0<em>Al-Monitor<\/em>, August 13, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2026\/08\/iraq-intel-and-security-officials-visit-saudi-arabia-after-drone-attacks\">https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/originals\/2026\/08\/iraq-intel-and-security-officials-visit-saudi-arabia-after-drone-attacks<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2<\/sup> Rabia Akhtar, &#8220;Beyond the Hype: Pakistan-Saudi Defense Pact Is Not a Saudi Nuclear Umbrella,&#8221;\u00a0<em>Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs<\/em>, September 18, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.belfercenter.org\/research-analysis\/beyond-hype-pakistan-saudi-defense-pact-not-saudi-nuclear-umbrella-0\">https:\/\/www.belfercenter.org\/research-analysis\/beyond-hype-pakistan-saudi-defense-pact-not-saudi-nuclear-umbrella-0<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3<\/sup> \u201cTurkey, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia defence pact technically same as NATO\u2019s Article 5, Turkish minister says,\u201d Reuters, August 8, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkey-pakistan-saudi-arabia-defence-pact-technically-same-natos-article-5-2026-08-08\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkey-pakistan-saudi-arabia-defence-pact-technically-same-natos-article-5-2026-08-08\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4<\/sup> Emirates Policy Center, <em>Kuwait-Pakistan Defense Pact: A Step Toward Diversifying Gulf Security Partnerships<\/em>. (Abu Dhabi: Emirate policy center, August 7, 2026), <a href=\"https:\/\/epc.ae\/en\/details\/brief\/kuwait-pakistan-defense-pact-a-step-toward-diversifying-gulf-security-partnerships\">https:\/\/epc.ae\/en\/details\/brief\/kuwait-pakistan-defense-pact-a-step-toward-diversifying-gulf-security-partnerships<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5<\/sup> \u0130brahim Karata\u015f, &#8220;Is a New Strategic Bloc Emerging in the Middle East?,&#8221;\u00a0<em>Middle East Council on Global Affairs<\/em>, April 28, 2026,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/blog_posts\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%86%d9%8f-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%91%d9%84-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%ac%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a\/\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/blog_posts\/is-a-new-strategic-bloc-emerging-in-the-middle-east\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6<\/sup> The International Institute for Strategic Studies, <em>Gulf Bailout Diplomacy<\/em>, (London: UK: The International Institute for Strategic Studies, November 2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/research-paper\/2023\/11\/Gulf-Bailout-Diplomacy\/\">https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/research-paper\/2023\/11\/Gulf-Bailout-Diplomacy\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7<\/sup> James LaPorta, Jennifer Jacobs, Sami Yousafzai, \u201cPakistan allowed Iran to park military aircraft on its airfields despite mediator role in conflict with U.S.,\u201d <em>CBS News,<\/em> May 12, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/pakistan-iran-military-aircraft-on-its-airfields-us-mediator-role\/\">https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/pakistan-iran-military-aircraft-on-its-airfields-us-mediator-role\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8<\/sup> Paul Avey, \u201cWhen Nuclear Weapons Fail to Deter,\u201d <em>Foreign Affairs,<\/em> March 6, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/united-states\/when-nuclear-weapons-fail-deter\">https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/united-states\/when-nuclear-weapons-fail-deter<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9<\/sup> Michael R. Gordon and Laurence Norman, &#8220;Saudi Nuclear Agreement Could Open a Path to 20% Enrichment,&#8221;\u00a0<em>The Wall Street Journal<\/em>, accessed September 3, 2026,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/world\/middle-east\/saudi-nuclear-agreement-could-open-a-path-to-20-enrichment-21806868\">https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/world\/middle-east\/saudi-nuclear-agreement-could-open-a-path-to-20-enrichment-21806868<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10<\/sup> Kim, M. Hyung, \u201cThinking the Unthinkable: South Korea as a US Nuclear Ally?\u201d\u00a0<em>The Washington Quarterly<\/em>,\u00a049(2), (June 2026), 97\u2013113. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0163660X.2026.2685446\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0163660X.2026.2685446<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11<\/sup> \u201cPakistan says no military response discussed under Mecca pact over Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia,\u201d <em>Reuters,<\/em> September 10, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/pakistan-says-no-military-response-discussed-under-mecca-pact-over-houthi-2026-09-10\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/pakistan-says-no-military-response-discussed-under-mecca-pact-over-houthi-2026-09-10\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12<\/sup> Antoine Levesques, Desmond Bowen, <em>John H. Gill, Nuclear Deterrence and Stability in South Asia: Perceptions and Realities<\/em> (London: UK: The International Institute for Strategic Studies, May 2021), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/globalassets\/media-library---content--migration\/files\/research-papers\/nuclear-deterrence-and-stability-in-south-asia---perceptions-and-realities.pdf\">https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/globalassets\/media-library&#8212;content&#8211;migration\/files\/research-papers\/nuclear-deterrence-and-stability-in-south-asia&#8212;perceptions-and-realities.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13<\/sup> Alessandro Arduino, \u201cThe Mecca agreement\u2019s implications for China,\u201d <em>ThinkChina,<\/em> August 21, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkchina.sg\/politics\/mecca-agreements-implications-china\">https:\/\/www.thinkchina.sg\/politics\/mecca-agreements-implications-china<\/a><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":480688,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[94],"programs":[],"publication_type":[692],"class_list":["post-480691","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-94","publication_type-692","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/480691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/480688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=480691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=480691"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=480691"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=480691"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=480691"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=480691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}