{"id":480007,"date":"2026-07-14T13:33:17","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T13:33:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=480007"},"modified":"2026-07-14T13:33:42","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T13:33:42","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<hr \/>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1<\/sup> &#8220;U.S. and Iran Announce an Initial Deal to End the War and Reopen the Strait of Hormuz,&#8221; <em>NPR<\/em>, June 15, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2026\/06\/15\/nx-s1-5858590\/us-iran-deal-updates\">https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2026\/06\/15\/nx-s1-5858590\/us-iran-deal-updates<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2<\/sup> &#8220;Behind the Scenes: How Qatar Helped Bridge the Gap Between the US and Iran,&#8221; <em>The New Arab<\/em>, June 16, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/behind-scenes-qatar-helped-bridge-gap-between-us-iran\">https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/behind-scenes-qatar-helped-bridge-gap-between-us-iran<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3<\/sup> Ali Bakir, &#8220;How to Read the US\u2013Iran Agreement,&#8221; <em>Anadolu Agency<\/em>, June 16, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/opinion\/opinion-how-to-read-the-us-iran-agreement\/3968714\">https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/opinion\/opinion-how-to-read-the-us-iran-agreement\/3968714<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4<\/sup> &#8220;US Releases Official Agreement with Iran: Read the 14-Point Text,&#8221; <em>CNN<\/em>, June 17, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2026\/06\/17\/middleeast\/us-iran-war-mou-text-intl\">https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2026\/06\/17\/middleeast\/us-iran-war-mou-text-intl<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5<\/sup> Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, &#8220;The GCC States and the War on Iran: Rethinking Responses to Unwanted Consequences,&#8221; <em>Arab Center Washington DC<\/em>, March 23, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/arabcenterdc.org\/resource\/the-gcc-states-and-the-war-on-iran-rethinking-responses-to-unwanted-consequences\/\">https:\/\/arabcenterdc.org\/resource\/the-gcc-states-and-the-war-on-iran-rethinking-responses-to-unwanted-consequences\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6<\/sup> &#8220;Iran Targeted 7 Arab Countries with 6,413 Missiles, Drones over Past 41 Days,&#8221; <em>Anadolu Agency<\/em>, April 10, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/iran-targeted-7-arab-countries-with-6-413-missiles-drones-over-past-41-days\/3900771\">https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/iran-targeted-7-arab-countries-with-6-413-missiles-drones-over-past-41-days\/3900771<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7<\/sup> &#8220;US-Israel attacks on Iran: Death toll and injuries live tracker,&#8221; <em>Al Jazeera<\/em>, June 10, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2026\/3\/1\/us-israel-attacks-on-iran-death-toll-and-injuries-live-tracker\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2026\/3\/1\/us-israel-attacks-on-iran-death-toll-and-injuries-live-tracker<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8<\/sup> &#8220;Drone Hits Fuel Tank at Oman&#8217;s Duqm Port,&#8221; <em>Reuters<\/em>, March 3, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/drone-hits-fuel-tank-omans-duqm-port-2026-03-03\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/drone-hits-fuel-tank-omans-duqm-port-2026-03-03\/<\/a>; David B. Roberts, &#8220;What Alternatives Do Gulf States Have to the Strait of Hormuz?&#8221; <em>The Conversation<\/em>, April 30, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-alternatives-do-gulf-states-have-to-the-strait-of-hormuz-281805\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-alternatives-do-gulf-states-have-to-the-strait-of-hormuz-281805<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9<\/sup> &#8220;Strait of Hormuz Factsheet, February 2026,&#8221; International Energy Agency, accessed 18 June 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/iea.blob.core.windows.net\/assets\/c8248eba-8689-46d9-ae4b-b858b59c0f1c\/StraitofHormuz2026-Factsheet.pdf\">https:\/\/iea.blob.core.windows.net\/assets\/c8248eba-8689-46d9-ae4b-b858b59c0f1c\/StraitofHormuz2026-Factsheet.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10<\/sup> Nicholas Lua, Fiona Macdonald, and Anthony Di Paola, &#8220;Kuwait Declares Further Force Majeure on Oil Shipments,&#8221; <em>Bloomberg<\/em>, April 20, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2026-04-20\/kuwait-declares-force-majeure-on-oil-shipments-on-hormuz-halt\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2026-04-20\/kuwait-declares-force-majeure-on-oil-shipments-on-hormuz-halt<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11<\/sup> &#8220;Hormuz Under Fire: LNG Disruption, Regional Exposure, and Energy Sovereignty in MENA,&#8221; <em>Arab Reform Initiative<\/em>, March 16, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arab-reform.net\/publication\/hormuz-under-fire-lng-disruption-regional-exposure-and-energy-sovereignty-in-mena\/\">https:\/\/www.arab-reform.net\/publication\/hormuz-under-fire-lng-disruption-regional-exposure-and-energy-sovereignty-in-mena\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12<\/sup> &#8220;Full Transcript: Omani Foreign Minister Badr Albusaidi,&#8221; <em>CBS News<\/em>, February 27, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/full-transcript-omani-foreign-minister-badr-albusaidi\/\">https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/full-transcript-omani-foreign-minister-badr-albusaidi\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13<\/sup> &#8220;US\u2013Iran: Trump&#8217;s Diplomacy and the Gulf,&#8221; <em>CBS News<\/em>, January 15, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/us-iran-trump-diplomacy-gulf-saudi-qatar\/\">https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/us-iran-trump-diplomacy-gulf-saudi-qatar\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote14\">14<\/sup> &#8220;US-Israel attacks on Iran: Death toll and injuries live tracker,&#8221; <em>Al Jazeera<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2026\/3\/1\/us-israel-attacks-on-iran-death-toll-and-injuries-live-tracker\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2026\/3\/1\/us-israel-attacks-on-iran-death-toll-and-injuries-live-tracker<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote15\">15<\/sup> &#8220;Israel\/US-Iran Conflict 2026: Background and UK Response,&#8221; House of Commons Library, April 24, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/research-briefings\/cbp-10521\/\">https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/research-briefings\/cbp-10521\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote16\">16<\/sup> Ali Bakir and Aziz Alghashian, &#8220;Why the Saudi\u2013Iranian Pact Is Withstanding the Gaza War,&#8221; <em>Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington<\/em>, February 22, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/agsi.org\/analysis\/why-the-saudi-iranian-pact-is-withstanding-the-gaza-war\/\">https:\/\/agsi.org\/analysis\/why-the-saudi-iranian-pact-is-withstanding-the-gaza-war\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote17\">17<\/sup> Sultan Al Khulaifi, &#8220;Iran&#8217;s strikes on the Gulf: Burning the bridges of good neighbourliness,&#8221; <em>Al Jazeera<\/em>, March 7, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2026\/3\/7\/irans-strikes-on-the-gulf-burning-the-bridges-of-good-neighbourliness\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2026\/3\/7\/irans-strikes-on-the-gulf-burning-the-bridges-of-good-neighbourliness<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote18\">18<\/sup> David Michel, &#8220;Could Iran Disrupt the Gulf Countries&#8217; Desalinated Water Supplies?&#8221; <em>Center for Strategic and International Studies<\/em>, March 19, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/could-iran-disrupt-gulf-countries-desalinated-water-supplies\">https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/could-iran-disrupt-gulf-countries-desalinated-water-supplies<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote19\">19<\/sup> &#8220;GCC States&#8217; 5 Fatal Mistakes in the US\u2013Israel\u2013Iran War,&#8221; <em>T\u00fcrkiye Today<\/em>, May 11, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkiyetoday.com\/opinion\/gcc-states-5-fatal-mistakes-in-us-israeliran-war-3219726\">https:\/\/www.turkiyetoday.com\/opinion\/gcc-states-5-fatal-mistakes-in-us-israeliran-war-3219726<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote20\">20<\/sup> &#8220;Divided Under Fire: The GCC as Six States, No Bloc,&#8221; <em>Anadolu Agency<\/em>, May 11, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/opinion\/divided-under-fire-the-gcc-as-six-states-no-bloc\/3933789\">https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/opinion\/divided-under-fire-the-gcc-as-six-states-no-bloc\/3933789<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote21\">21<\/sup> Nguyen Khoi Tran, Hercules Haralambides, Theo Notteboom, and Kevin Cullinane, &#8220;The Costs of Maritime Supply Chain Disruptions: The Case of the Suez Canal Blockage by the &#8216;Ever Given&#8217; Megaship,&#8221; <em>International Journal of Production Economics<\/em> 279 (2025), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0925527324003219\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0925527324003219<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote22\">22<\/sup> Parisa Kamali, Robin Koepke, Alessandra Sozzi, and Jasper Verschuur, &#8220;Red Sea Attacks Disrupt Global Trade,&#8221; <em>IMF Blog<\/em>, March 7, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/blogs\/articles\/2024\/03\/07\/red-sea-attacks-disrupt-global-trade\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/blogs\/articles\/2024\/03\/07\/red-sea-attacks-disrupt-global-trade<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote23\">23<\/sup> &#8220;Assessing the Options for Bypassing the Hormuz Strait,&#8221; <em>Al Majalla<\/em>, April 17, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.majalla.com\/node\/330670\/business-economy\/assessing-options-bypassing-hormuz-strait\">https:\/\/en.majalla.com\/node\/330670\/business-economy\/assessing-options-bypassing-hormuz-strait<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote24\">24<\/sup> &#8220;Strait of Hormuz Factsheet, February 2026,&#8221; International Energy Agency.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote25\">25<\/sup> &#8220;Natural Gas: Qatar&#8217;s LNG Shutdown Sends Shockwaves Through Global Gas Markets,&#8221; <em>Oil Price<\/em>, March 11, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investing.com\/analysis\/natural-gas-qatars-lng-shutdown-sends-shockwaves-through-global-gas-markets-200676434\">https:\/\/www.investing.com\/analysis\/natural-gas-qatars-lng-shutdown-sends-shockwaves-through-global-gas-markets-200676434<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote26\">26<\/sup> Roberts, &#8220;What Alternatives Do Gulf States Have to the Strait of Hormuz?&#8221;<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote27\">27<\/sup> Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote28\">28<\/sup> &#8220;Amid Regional Conflict, the Strait of Hormuz Remains Critical Oil Chokepoint,&#8221; U.S. Energy Information Administration, accessed 18 June 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/todayinenergy\/detail.php?id=65504\">https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/todayinenergy\/detail.php?id=65504<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote29\">29<\/sup> &#8220;The Strait of Hormuz: Alternative Routes for Oil Exporters,&#8221; <em>CNBC<\/em>, April 23, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2026\/04\/23\/strait-hormuz-closure-alternative-routes-middle-east-oil-gas-pipelines.html\">https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2026\/04\/23\/strait-hormuz-closure-alternative-routes-middle-east-oil-gas-pipelines.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a 17 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2026\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 14 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a 28 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2026. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629.1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":479983,"template":"","categories":[],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[],"programs":[],"publication_type":[90],"class_list":["post-480007","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","publication_type-90","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/480007","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/479983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=480007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=480007"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=480007"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=480007"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=480007"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=480007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}