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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1<\/sup> United Nations Satellite Centre (UNOSAT), satellite-based damage assessment reports, accessed May 17, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/unosat.org\/products\">https:\/\/unosat.org\/products<\/a>; Michael J. McNerney, Gabrielle Tarini, Nate Rosenblatt, Karen M. Sudkamp, Pauline Moore, Michelle Gris\u00e9, Benjamin J. Sacks, Larry Lewis, <em>Understanding civilian harm in Raqqa and its implications for future operations<\/em>, (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, March 31, 2022), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RRA753-1.html\">https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RRA753-1.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2<\/sup> Linda Robinson, Todd C. Helmus, Raphael S. Cohen, Alireza Nader, Andrew Radin, Madeline Magnuson, Katya Migacheva, <em>Modern political warfare: Current practices and possible responses<\/em>, (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, April 5, 2018), pp. 9\u201315, 27\u201332, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RR1772.html\">https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RR1772.html<\/a>; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, <em>SIPRI Yearbook 2024: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security<\/em> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/yearbook\/2024\">https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/yearbook\/2024<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3<\/sup> &#8220;Infrastructure and roads damage assessment of Ar Raqqa, Ar Raqqa Governorate, Syria,&#8221; United Nations Satellite Centre (UNOSAT), December 5, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/unosat.org\/products\/1196\">https:\/\/unosat.org\/products\/1196<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4<\/sup> UN-Habitat, <em>City Profile of Mosul, Iraq: Multi-sector assessment of a city under siege<\/em>, (Nairobi, Kenya: UN-Habitat, October 2016), <a href=\"https:\/\/unhabitat.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2019-04\/un-habitat_mosulcityprofile_lowres_170409_v6.pdf\">https:\/\/unhabitat.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2019-04\/un-habitat_mosulcityprofile_lowres_170409_v6.pdf<\/a>; United Nations Satellite Centre (UNOSAT), Search results for &#8220;mosul,&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/unosat.org\/search?q=mosul\">https:\/\/unosat.org\/search?q=mosul<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5<\/sup> Ollie Ballinger, &#8220;Radar Interference Tracker: A New Open Source Tool to Locate Active Military Radar Systems,&#8221; <em>Bellingcat<\/em>, February 11, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/resources\/2022\/02\/11\/radar-interference-tracker-a-new-open-source-tool-to-locate-active-military-radar-systems\/\">https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/resources\/2022\/02\/11\/radar-interference-tracker-a-new-open-source-tool-to-locate-active-military-radar-systems\/<\/a>; Jesse Casana and Elise J. Laugier, &#8220;Satellite imagery-based monitoring of archeological site damage in the Syrian civil war,&#8221; <em>PLOS ONE<\/em> 12, no. 11 (2017), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0188589\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0188589<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6<\/sup> Emily Harding, <em>The IC&#8217;s New OSINT Strategy Gets the Basics Right<\/em>, (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, April 2, 2024), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/ics-new-osint-strategy-gets-basics-right\">https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/ics-new-osint-strategy-gets-basics-right<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7<\/sup> United Nations Satellite Centre (UNOSAT), Search results for &#8220;mosul,&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/unosat.org\/search?q=mosul\">https:\/\/unosat.org\/search?q=mosul<\/a>; UN-Habitat, <em>City Profile of Mosul, Iraq: Multi-sector assessment of a city under siege<\/em>, (Nairobi, Kenya: UN-Habitat, October 2016), <a href=\"https:\/\/unhabitat.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2019-04\/un-habitat_mosulcityprofile_lowres_170409_v6.pdf\">https:\/\/unhabitat.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2019-04\/un-habitat_mosulcityprofile_lowres_170409_v6.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8<\/sup> Maya Gebeilyand Milan Pavicic, &#8220;Israeli campaign leaves Lebanese border towns in ruins, satellite images show,&#8221; <em>Reuters<\/em>, October 28, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/israeli-campaign-leaves-lebanese-border-towns-ruins-satellite-images-show-2024-10-28\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/israeli-campaign-leaves-lebanese-border-towns-ruins-satellite-images-show-2024-10-28<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9<\/sup> &#8220;Damage density in the Gaza Strip | Satellite imagery analysis as of 19 October 2023,&#8221; United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, October 21, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ochaopt.org\/content\/damage-density-gaza-strip-satellite-imagery-analysis-19-october-2023\">https:\/\/www.ochaopt.org\/content\/damage-density-gaza-strip-satellite-imagery-analysis-19-october-2023<\/a>; The Humanitarian Data Exchange, &#8220;UNOSAT Gaza Strip Comprehensive Damage Assessment \u2013 01 December 2024,&#8221; accessed April 20, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/unosat-gaza-strip-comprehensive-damage-assessment-01-december-2024\">https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/unosat-gaza-strip-comprehensive-damage-assessment-01-december-2024<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10<\/sup> &#8220;Damage density in the Gaza Strip | Satellite imagery analysis as of 19 October 2023,&#8221; United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, October 21, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ochaopt.org\/content\/damage-density-gaza-strip-satellite-imagery-analysis-19-october-2023\">https:\/\/www.ochaopt.org\/content\/damage-density-gaza-strip-satellite-imagery-analysis-19-october-2023<\/a>; The Humanitarian Data Exchange, &#8220;UNOSAT Gaza Strip Comprehensive Damage Assessment \u2013 01 December 2024,&#8221; accessed April 20, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/unosat-gaza-strip-comprehensive-damage-assessment-01-december-2024\">https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/unosat-gaza-strip-comprehensive-damage-assessment-01-december-2024<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11<\/sup> Michael J. McNerney, Gabrielle Tarini, Nate Rosenblatt, Karen M. Sudkamp, Pauline Moore, Michelle Gris\u00e9, Benjamin J. Sacks, Larry Lewis, <em>Understanding civilian harm in Raqqa and its implications for future operations<\/em>, (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, March 31, 2022), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RRA753-1.html\">https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RRA753-1.html<\/a>; United Nations Satellite Centre (UNOSAT), Search results for &#8220;mosul,&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/unosat.org\/search?q=mosul\">https:\/\/unosat.org\/search?q=mosul<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12<\/sup> &#8220;Strikes on Saudi oil disrupt global supply,&#8221; Graphics, <em>Reuters<\/em>, accessed April 20, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/graphics\/SAUDI-ARAMCO\/0100B29Q1C3\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/graphics\/SAUDI-ARAMCO\/0100B29Q1C3\/<\/a>; &#8220;Satellite images show activity pick up at Saudi Aramco&#8217;s Abqaiq site,&#8221; <em>Reuters<\/em>, September 26, 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/satellite-images-show-activity-pick-up-at-saudi-aramcos-abqaiq-site-idUSKBN1WB0ZW\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/satellite-images-show-activity-pick-up-at-saudi-aramcos-abqaiq-site-idUSKBN1WB0ZW\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13<\/sup> Max Tani, &#8220;Satellite companies are restricting Gaza images,&#8221; <em>Semafor<\/em>, November 6, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semafor.com\/article\/11\/05\/2023\/satellite-companies-are-restricting-gaza-images\">https:\/\/www.semafor.com\/article\/11\/05\/2023\/satellite-companies-are-restricting-gaza-images<\/a>.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u062b&#8221; \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064f\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a&hellip; 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