{"id":477439,"date":"2026-01-28T13:18:58","date_gmt":"2026-01-28T13:18:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=477439"},"modified":"2026-04-22T06:07:41","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T06:07:41","slug":"%d8%b4%d8%a8%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%91%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%b4%d8%a8%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%91%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642. \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0641\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u064d \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/strong>:\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/strong>: \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642\u064e\u064a \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c<a href=\"#endnote2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c<a href=\"#endnote3\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c<a href=\"#endnote4\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b.<a href=\"#endnote5\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633&#8221;\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 1 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 2008\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <strong>1<\/strong>: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c 2000-2023 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017)<a href=\"#endnote6\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-477441 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-1_AR-1024x448.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"328\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-1_AR-1024x448.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-1_AR-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-1_AR-768x336.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-1_AR-1536x672.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-1_AR-2048x896.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-1_AR-1568x686.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/328;\" \/><\/p>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Energy Institute, 2025 Statistical Review of World Energy, 74<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0edition (London: Energy Institute, 2025)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energyinst.org\/statistical-review\">https:\/\/www.energyinst.org\/statistical-review<\/a>; OECD Database, \u201cBilateral Trade in Goods by End-use:,\u201d 2025 release,\u201d accessed October 15, 2025,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/data\/datasets\/bilateral-trade-in-goods-by-industry-and-end-use-category.html\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/data\/datasets\/bilateral-trade-in-goods-by-industry-and-end-use-category.html<\/a>; World Trade Organization (WTO) Stats, \u201cMerchandise exports by product group \u2013 annual (Million US dollar); World; Product\/Sector: Total merchandise; Years: 2000-2024,\u201d accessed October 15, 2025,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/stats.wto.org\/\">https:\/\/stats.wto.org\/<\/a>; World Bank Statistical Database, \u201cGDP deflator (base year varies by country) \u2013 United States,\u201d accessed October 15, 2025,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS?locations=US\">https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS?locations=US<\/a><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 1 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup>.<\/sup><a href=\"#endnote7\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a> \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621). \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 2 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 30 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023. \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <strong>2<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c 2000- 2023 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-477445 alignleft lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.2-Kuwait_AR--1024x448.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"328\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.2-Kuwait_AR--1024x448.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.2-Kuwait_AR--300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.2-Kuwait_AR--768x336.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.2-Kuwait_AR--1536x672.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.2-Kuwait_AR--2048x896.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.2-Kuwait_AR--1568x686.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/328;\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-477443 alignright lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 734px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 734\/414;--tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: #3b82f680; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000;\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.1-Bahrain_AR-1024x578.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"734\" height=\"414\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.1-Bahrain_AR-1024x578.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.1-Bahrain_AR-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.1-Bahrain_AR-768x433.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.1-Bahrain_AR-1536x867.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.1-Bahrain_AR-2048x1156.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.1-Bahrain_AR-1568x885.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-477449 alignleft lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.4-Qatar-_AR-1024x422.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"309\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.4-Qatar-_AR-1024x422.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.4-Qatar-_AR-300x124.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.4-Qatar-_AR-768x317.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.4-Qatar-_AR-1536x633.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.4-Qatar-_AR-2048x844.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.4-Qatar-_AR-1568x646.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/309;\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-477447 alignright lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.3-Oman_Ar-1024x502.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"368\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.3-Oman_Ar-1024x502.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.3-Oman_Ar-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.3-Oman_Ar-768x376.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.3-Oman_Ar-1536x753.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.3-Oman_Ar-2048x1004.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.3-Oman_Ar-1568x768.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/368;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-477451 alignright lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.5-Saudi-Arabia_AR-1024x467.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"342\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.5-Saudi-Arabia_AR-1024x467.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.5-Saudi-Arabia_AR-300x137.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.5-Saudi-Arabia_AR-768x350.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.5-Saudi-Arabia_AR-1536x700.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.5-Saudi-Arabia_AR-2048x934.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.5-Saudi-Arabia_AR-1568x715.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/342;\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-477453 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.6-United-Arab-Emirates_Ar-1024x467.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"342\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.6-United-Arab-Emirates_Ar-1024x467.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.6-United-Arab-Emirates_Ar-300x137.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.6-United-Arab-Emirates_Ar-768x350.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.6-United-Arab-Emirates_Ar-1536x700.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.6-United-Arab-Emirates_Ar-2048x934.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-2.6-United-Arab-Emirates_Ar-1568x715.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/342;\" \/><\/h6>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.8px; text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/data\/datasets\/bilateralcategory.html-use-end-and-industry-by-goods-in-radet\">Bilateral Trade in Goods by End-use<\/a>: 2025 release\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 3.1 \u06483.2. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0651\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <strong>3<\/strong>: \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c 2000- 2024 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-477455 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.1-GCC-Exports_AR-1024x503.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"368\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.1-GCC-Exports_AR-1024x503.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.1-GCC-Exports_AR-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.1-GCC-Exports_AR-768x377.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.1-GCC-Exports_AR-1536x754.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.1-GCC-Exports_AR-2048x1006.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.1-GCC-Exports_AR-1568x770.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/368;\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-477457 alignright lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.2-GCC-Imports_AR-1024x503.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"368\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.2-GCC-Imports_AR-1024x503.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.2-GCC-Imports_AR-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.2-GCC-Imports_AR-768x377.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.2-GCC-Imports_AR-1536x754.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.2-GCC-Imports_AR-2048x1006.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-3.2-GCC-Imports_AR-1568x770.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/368;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/data.imf.org\/en\/Dataxplorer?datasetUrn=IMF.STA:IMTS(1.0.0)E\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u060c International Trade in Goods (by partner country) (IMTS), \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2008. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u062a\u064e\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 2 \u06484.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> <strong>4<\/strong>: \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 2020- 2024 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-477459 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-4.1-_AR-885x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"868\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-4.1-_AR-885x1024.png 885w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-4.1-_AR-259x300.png 259w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-4.1-_AR-768x888.png 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/868;\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-477461 alignright lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-4.2-_AR.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"696\" height=\"970\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-4.2-_AR.png 4583w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-4.2-_AR-215x300.png 215w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 696px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 696\/970;\" \/><\/p>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/data.imf.org\/en\/Dataxplorer?datasetUrn=IMF.STA:IMTS(1.0.0)E\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u060c International Trade in Goods (by partner country) (IMTS), \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 4 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a (4.1) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a (4.2) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2020 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2024. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0626\u0629 &#8220;\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f&#8221; \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote8\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2017 \u06482021.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 20 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 2020 \u06482024\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 42 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064897 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 41 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2015 \u06482019\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629<a href=\"#endnote9\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote10\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 5).<a href=\"#endnote11\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 5<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-477469 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-5-AR-1024x561.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"411\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-5-AR-1024x561.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-5-AR-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-5-AR-768x421.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-5-AR-1536x842.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-5-AR-2048x1123.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-5-AR-1568x860.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/411;\" \/><\/p>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fred.stlouisfed.org\/graph\/?id=SAUNXGO,QATNXGO,KWTNXGO,ARENXGO,OMNN12XGO\">\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633<\/a>\u060c Total Oil Exports Including Crude for Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar, \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025<\/em><em>.<a href=\"#endnote12\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/em><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646.<a href=\"#endnote13\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0643+&#8221;\u060c<a href=\"#endnote14\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 150 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"#endnote15\"><sup>15<\/sup><\/a>.2027 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631.<a href=\"#endnote16\"><sup>16<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote17\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 6<\/strong>: \u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-477471 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-6-AR--1024x442.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"324\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-6-AR--1024x442.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-6-AR--300x130.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-6-AR--768x332.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-6-AR--1536x663.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-6-AR--2048x884.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-6-AR--1568x677.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/324;\" \/><\/p>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u060c World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), \u201cTrade Stats; Product Category: Fuels Share, \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 6)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 17 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637) \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646.<a href=\"#endnote18\"><sup>18<\/sup><\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; (\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648&#8221;\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote19\"><sup>19<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c.<a href=\"#endnote20\"><sup>20<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 7). \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1). \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636(MICE) \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 38 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u062d\u0648 15 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<a href=\"#endnote21\"><sup>21<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 59 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"#endnote22\"><sup>22<\/sup><\/a>\u060c2024 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 20 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 21 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote23\"><sup>23<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 11 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote24\"><sup>24<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647 7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<a href=\"#endnote25\"><sup>25<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 7:<\/strong> \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c 2005- 2023 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-477473 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-7-AR--1024x567.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"415\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-7-AR--1024x567.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-7-AR--300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-7-AR--768x425.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-7-AR--1536x850.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-7-AR--2048x1134.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Figure-7-AR--1568x868.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/415;\" \/><\/p>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645<em>\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/databatis&amp;pg=0&amp;snb=1&amp;vw=tb&amp;df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&amp;df[id]=xplorer.oecd.org\/vis?tm=eDSD_BATIS%40DF_BATIS&amp;df[ag]=OECD.SDD.TPS&amp;df[vs]=1.0&amp;dq=KWT%2BOMN%2BQAT%2BSAU%2BARE%2BBHR.W.M%2BX..S.A.USD_EXC.B&amp;pd=2005%2C2023&amp;to[TIME_PERIOD]=false\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c Balanced trade in services (BaTIS)\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025.<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"582\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"209\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">\u00a0+11,95 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">\u00a0+2,03 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">-969,8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">-1,1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">-2,2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">-2,92 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">-4,57 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">-4,64 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">-6,95 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">-14,81 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">-22,58 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">-25,85 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"373\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"209\">-71,723 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/dataorg\/vis?tm=batis&amp;pg=0&amp;snb=1&amp;vw=tb&amp;df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&amp;dxplorer.oecd.ef[id]=DSD_BATIS%40DF_BATIS&amp;df[ag]=OECD.SDD.TPS&amp;df[vs]=1.0&amp;dq=KWT%2BOMN%2BQAT%2BSAU%2BARE%2BBHR.W.M%2BX..SC%2BSD%2BSI%2BSE%2BSF%2BSG%2BSH%2BSJ%2BSK%2BSL%2BSOX1%2BSPX1%2BSB%2BSA%2BSPX4%2BSOX%2BS.A.USD_EXC.B&amp;pd=2005%2C2023&amp;to[TIME_PERIOD]=false\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c Balanced trade in services (BaTIS)\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025.<\/em><\/h6>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0639\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote26\"><sup>26<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c<a href=\"#endnote27\"><sup>27<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote28\"><sup>28<\/sup><\/a> \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c<a href=\"#endnote29\"><sup>29<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote30\"><sup>30<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c<a href=\"#endnote31\"><sup>31<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629(EFTA) \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007. \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote32\"><sup>32<\/sup><\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote33\"><sup>33<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0634. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 (\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c<a href=\"#endnote34\"><sup>34<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote35\"><sup>35<\/sup><\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote36\"><sup>36<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<a href=\"#endnote37\"><sup>37<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\/\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064f\u0645\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639. \u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 ((\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642)) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#endnote38\"><sup>38<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote39\"><sup>39<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote40\"><sup>40<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u062a &#8220;\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0648&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0648\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c<a href=\"#endnote41\"><sup>41<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"#endnote42\"><sup>42<\/sup><\/a> \u060c2015 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"#endnote43\"><sup>43<\/sup><\/a> .2023 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a&#8221;\u060c<a href=\"#endnote44\"><sup>44<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote45\"><sup>45<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633.<a href=\"#endnote46\"><sup>46<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003) \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u0645 2008)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2017 \u06482021\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote47\"><sup>47<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 (\u063a\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c<a href=\"#endnote48\"><sup>48<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c<a href=\"#endnote49\"><sup>49<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 &#8220;\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064d \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627.<a href=\"#endnote50\"><sup>50<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d. \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<a href=\"#endnote51\"><sup>51<\/sup><\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote52\"><sup>52<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d (\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote53\"><sup>53<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0646\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0651\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639) \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0632\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote54\"><sup>54<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote55\"><sup>55<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a &#8221; \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f&#8221;- \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631- \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0631&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0631&#8221;.<a href=\"#endnote56\"><sup>56<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0651 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote57\"><sup>57<\/sup><\/a> \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 ((\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642))\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631) \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote58\"><sup>58<\/sup><\/a> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0651\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote59\"><sup>59<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0651\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637. \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.&#8221; \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0641\u0651\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote60\"><sup>60<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0651\u0623 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 &#8220;\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0651 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0636\u062e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f &#8220;\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup> Shekhar Aiyar and Anna Ilyina, \u201cCharting Globalization\u2019s Turn to Slowbalization After Global Financial Crisis,\u201d <em>IMF Blog<\/em>, February 8, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Blogs\/Articles\/2023\/02\/08\/charting-globalizations-turn-to-slowbalization-after-global-financial-crisis\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Blogs\/Articles\/2023\/02\/08\/charting-globalizations-turn-to-slowbalization-after-global-financial-crisis<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup> \u201cThe world\u2019s economic order is breaking down,\u201d <em>The Economist,<\/em> May 9, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/briefing\/2024\/05\/09\/the-worlds-economic-order-is-breaking-down\">https:\/\/www.economist.com\/briefing\/2024\/05\/09\/the-worlds-economic-order-is-breaking-down<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> Andy Bounds, \u201cThe WTO\u2019s lonely struggle to defend global trade,\u201d <em>Financial Times<\/em>, June 13, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/f81e4abe-cf53-485c-afbf-1b3870872384\">https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/f81e4abe-cf53-485c-afbf-1b3870872384<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup> Peter Harrell and Elizabeth Rosenberg, <em>Economic Dominance, Financial Technology, and the Future of U.S. Economic Coercion<\/em>, Report (Washington, DC: Center for a New American Security (CNAS), April 29, 2019), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnas.org\/publications\/reports\/economic-dominance-financial-technology-and-the-future-of-u-s-economic-coercion\">https:\/\/www.cnas.org\/publications\/reports\/economic-dominance-financial-technology-and-the-future-of-u-s-economic-coercion<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> Rosa M. Lastra, \u201cWeaponisation of Money and Payments,\u201d in <em>International Sanctions: Monetary and Financial Law Perspectives<\/em>,<em> ed. Rosa M. Lastra <\/em>(Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Nijhoff, July 2024), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004705708_006\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004705708_006<\/a>; <em>Dmitrii Khasanov, \u201cHow U.S.-China Chip Restrictions Are Reshaping The Global Tech Investment Landscape,\u201d Forbes, <\/em>July 08, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/councils\/forbesbusinesscouncil\/2025\/07\/08\/how-us-china-chip-restrictions-are-reshaping-the-global-tech-investment-landscape\/\">https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/councils\/forbesbusinesscouncil\/2025\/07\/08\/how-us-china-chip-restrictions-are-reshaping-the-global-tech-investment-landscape\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> GCC imports were calculated by summing adding up world exports to the six GCC countries and subtracting the total of exports between GCC countries to avoid double-counting; . The GCC\u2019s trade balance was calculated as sum of exports from the six GCC countries to the rest of the world, \u00a0minus the sum of imports from the world to the six GCC countries (intra-GCC trade cancels out).<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup> An important determinant of the trade balances of Gulf states is the peg of local currencies to the U.S. dollar. A strong dollar translates to strong Saudi Riyals, Emirati Dirhams, etc., which in turn promotes imports and dampens exports, and vice versa. The dollar peg means that near-term developments regarding the U.S. economy have strong effects on GCC economies. For example, the prospect of a weakening dollar might boost GCC trade balances, while a U.S. debt crisis might precipitate existing efforts to de-dollarize and, potentially, un-peg.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> Issues with record-keeping complicate the listing of trade partners, as the counterpart country is often not specified. This is especially the case for the UAE and Kuwait. For the latter, the issue makes the listing of counterparts impossible, hence the missing plot.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> Matthew George, Katarina Djokic, Zain Hussein, Pieter D. Wezeman, and Siemon T. Wezeman, <em>Trends in Arms Transfers, 2024<\/em>, SIPRI Fact Sheet (Solna, Sweden: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute,\u00a0 March 2025), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-03\/fs_2503_at_2024_0.pdf\">https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-03\/fs_2503_at_2024_0.pdf<\/a>; Paul Iddon, \u201cEurofighters or Rafales? Saudi Arabia Might Take A Page From Qatar\u2019s Book And Buy Both,\u201d<em> Forbes<\/em>, January 19, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/pauliddon\/2024\/01\/19\/eurofighters-or-rafales-saudi-arabia-might-take-a-page-from-qatars-book-and-buy-both\/\">https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/pauliddon\/2024\/01\/19\/eurofighters-or-rafales-saudi-arabia-might-take-a-page-from-qatars-book-and-buy-both\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> \u201cQatar seals 5-billion-euro navy vessels deal with Italy,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, August 2, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/qatar-seals-5-billion-euro-navy-vessels-deal-with-italy-idUSKBN1AI1VR\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/qatar-seals-5-billion-euro-navy-vessels-deal-with-italy-idUSKBN1AI1VR\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Schneider, \u201cWhat the Data Tells Us about Hydrocarbon-Producing States,\u201d <em>Gulf International Forum<\/em>, March 17, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/gulfif.org\/what-the-data-tells-us-about-hydrocarbon-producing-states\/\">https:\/\/gulfif.org\/what-the-data-tells-us-about-hydrocarbon-producing-states\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup> Note: Kuwait values for 2015-2017 were excluded because they were extreme outliers.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> \u201cRussia-Ukraine conflict benefits GCC hydrocarbon companies: Moody&#8217;s,\u201d <em>Gulf Times<\/em>, June 8, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gulf-times.com\/story\/718820\/russia-ukraine-conflict-benefits-gcc-hydrocarbon-companies-moodys\">https:\/\/www.gulf-times.com\/story\/718820\/russia-ukraine-conflict-benefits-gcc-hydrocarbon-companies-moodys<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> Ron Bousso, \u201cSaudi plays short and long game with OPEC+ production gamble,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, July 8, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/saudi-plays-short-long-game-with-opec-production-gamble-2025-07-08\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/saudi-plays-short-long-game-with-opec-production-gamble-2025-07-08\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup> Mia Gindis and Julia Fanzeres, \u201cOil Falls as Saudi Arabia Seeks More Major Production Hikes,\u201d <em>Bloomberg<\/em>, June 4, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2025-06-03\/latest-oil-market-news-and-analysis-for-june-4\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2025-06-03\/latest-oil-market-news-and-analysis-for-june-4<\/a>; Anthony Di Paola, \u201cUAE Plans Global Energy Push With $150 Billion Oil, Gas Spending,\u201d <em>Bloomberg<\/em>, November 28, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-11-28\/uae-plans-global-energy-push-with-adnoc-s-150-billion-spending\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-11-28\/uae-plans-global-energy-push-with-adnoc-s-150-billion-spending<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> \u201cGCC projects to boost Arab LNG output to 192 mn tonnes in 2027,\u201d <em>Zawya<\/em>, May 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zawya.com\/en\/projects\/oil-and-gas\/gcc-projects-to-boost-arab-lng-output-to-192-mn-tonnes-in-2027-jbac8dl4\">https:\/\/www.zawya.com\/en\/projects\/oil-and-gas\/gcc-projects-to-boost-arab-lng-output-to-192-mn-tonnes-in-2027-jbac8dl4<\/a>; Ira Joseph, \u201cSaudi Arabia Pivots into Global LNG Market,\u201d <em>Energy Explained<\/em> (blog), May 5, 2025<em>, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.energypolicy.columbia.edu\/saudi-arabia-pivots-into-global-lng-market\/\">https:\/\/www.energypolicy.columbia.edu\/saudi-arabia-pivots-into-global-lng-market\/<\/a><em>. <\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup> \u201cKuwait\u2019s non-oil recovery continues; OPEC+ cuts weigh on oil sector GDP,\u201d <em>Kuwait Times<\/em>, November 5, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/kuwaittimes.com\/article\/20868\/business\/kuwaits-non-oil-recovery-continues-opec-cuts-weigh-on-oil-sector-gdp\/\">https:\/\/kuwaittimes.com\/article\/20868\/business\/kuwaits-non-oil-recovery-continues-opec-cuts-weigh-on-oil-sector-gdp\/<\/a>; \u00a0\u201cKuwait\u2019s downstream revolution and petrochemicals ambitions,\u201d <em>The Energy Year<\/em>, September 17, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/theenergyyear.com\/articles\/kuwaits-downstream-revolution-and-petrochemicals-ambitions\/\">https:\/\/theenergyyear.com\/articles\/kuwaits-downstream-revolution-and-petrochemicals-ambitions\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup> UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Data Hub, \u201cRevealed Comparative Advantage Index, annual (analytical),\u201d August 4, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/unctadstat.unctad.org\/datacentre\/dataviewer\/US.RCA\">https:\/\/unctadstat.unctad.org\/datacentre\/dataviewer\/US.RCA<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup> Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Schneider, <em>Gulf SMEs and the Post-Oil Economy: Lessons from the Mittelstand Model<\/em>, Policy Paper (Doha: Middle East Council on Global Affairs, September 18, 2025), <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%91%d8%b7%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%ac%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7\/\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication\/gulf-smes-and-the-post-oil-economy-lessons-from-the-mittelstand-model\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup> Patrick Low, \u201cThe rising role of services in global trade,\u201d <em>Hinrich Foundation<\/em>, February 14, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hinrichfoundation.com\/research\/article\/sustainable\/the-rising-role-of-services-in-global-trade\/\">https:\/\/www.hinrichfoundation.com\/research\/article\/sustainable\/the-rising-role-of-services-in-global-trade\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup>OECD Data Explorer, \u201cBalanced trade in services (BaTIS),\u201d https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/vis?tm=batis&amp;pg=0&amp;snb=1&amp;vw=tb&amp;df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&amp;df[id]=DSD_BATIS%40DF_BATIS&amp;df[ag]=OECD.SDD.TPS&amp;df[vs]=1.0&amp;dq=KWT%2BOMN%2BQAT%2BSAU%2BARE%2BBHR.W.M%2BX..SC%2BSD%2BSI%2BSE%2BSF%2BSG%2BSH%2BSJ%2BSK%2BSL%2BSOX1%2BSPX1%2BSB%2BSA%2BSPX4%2BSOX%2BS.A.USD_EXC.B&amp;pd=2005%2C2023&amp;to[TIME_PERIOD]=false.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote22\">22<\/sup>\u201cUAE ranks among top 7 global destinations for tourist spending,\u201d <em>TradeArabia<\/em>, June 29, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/tradearabia.com\/News\/434414\/UAE-ranks-among-top-7-global-destinations-for-tourist-spending\">https:\/\/tradearabia.com\/News\/434414\/UAE-ranks-among-top-7-global-destinations-for-tourist-spending<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote23\">23<\/sup>For more details, see: UNCTAD Data Hub, <a href=\"https:\/\/unctadstat.unctad.org\/datacentre\/dataviewer\/US.ContPortThroughput\">https:\/\/unctadstat.unctad.org\/datacentre\/dataviewer\/US.ContPortThroughput<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup>\u00a0OECD Data Explorer, \u201cBalanced trade in services (BaTIS).\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup>OECD Data Explorer, \u201cBalanced trade in services (BaTIS).\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup>Mario del Pero, \u201cHow \u2018petrodollars\u2019 rearranged the world,\u201d <em>The Washington Post<\/em>, August 13, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/outlook\/how-petrodollars-rearranged-the-world\/2021\/08\/11\/3474aee2-ca09-11eb-81b1-34796c7393af_story.html\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/outlook\/how-petrodollars-rearranged-the-world\/2021\/08\/11\/3474aee2-ca09-11eb-81b1-34796c7393af_story.html<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup>Gavin Gibbon, \u201cGCC sticking with the dollar peg, but changes could be afoot,\u201d <em>Arabian Gulf Business Insight<\/em>, March 1, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agbi.com\/economy\/2023\/03\/gcc-sticking-with-the-dollar-peg-but-changes-could-be-afoot\/\">https:\/\/www.agbi.com\/economy\/2023\/03\/gcc-sticking-with-the-dollar-peg-but-changes-could-be-afoot\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup>Pesha Magid, Manya Saini and Andrew Mills, \u201cWhat are the Gulf &#8216;trillions&#8217; that Trump says will boost the US economy?\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, May 16, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/beyond-headlines-explaining-trumps-gulf-trillions-2025-05-16\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/beyond-headlines-explaining-trumps-gulf-trillions-2025-05-16\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup>Katrina Manson and Andrew England, \u201cBiden suspends arms sales to Saudi Arabia and UAE,\u201d <em>Financial Times<\/em>, January 27 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/356df221-251f-4eba-a307-88e485ef1d45\">https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/356df221-251f-4eba-a307-88e485ef1d45<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote30\">30 <\/sup>Alexandre Kateb, \u201cThe GCC\u2019s Multipolar Pivot: From Shifting Trade Patterns to New Financial and Diplomatic Alliances,\u201d <em>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace<\/em>, May 28, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/research\/2024\/05\/the-gccs-multipolar-pivot-from-shifting-trade-patterns-to-new-financial-and-diplomatic-alliances.\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/research\/2024\/05\/the-gccs-multipolar-pivot-from-shifting-trade-patterns-to-new-financial-and-diplomatic-alliances.<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote31\">31 <\/sup>Philip Blenkinsop, \u201cAt WTO, growing disregard for trade rules shows world is fragmenting,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, October 3, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/wto-growing-disregard-trade-rules-shows-world-is-fragmenting-2023-10-02\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/wto-growing-disregard-trade-rules-shows-world-is-fragmenting-2023-10-02\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote32\">32<\/sup> Nilufer Najeeb, \u201cFull list: The UAE\u2019s 27 CEPA agreements and counting,\u201d <em>Gulf Business<\/em>, April 25, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/full-list-the-uaes-27-cepa-agreements-and-counting\/\">https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/full-list-the-uaes-27-cepa-agreements-and-counting\/<\/a>; Alexander Cornwell, \u201cUAE seeks bilateral EU trade talks with GCC negotiations at impasse, sources say,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, March 21, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/uae-seeks-bilateral-eu-trade-talks-with-gcc-negotiations-impasse-sources-say-2024-03-19\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/uae-seeks-bilateral-eu-trade-talks-with-gcc-negotiations-impasse-sources-say-2024-03-19\/<\/a>; Andy Bounds and Chloe Cornish, \u201cEU agrees to start trade talks with UAE after Trump tariff war,\u201d <em>Financial Times<\/em>, April 10, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/a91920d1-fb22-4f65-a1e5-cd8cafc11881\">https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/a91920d1-fb22-4f65-a1e5-cd8cafc11881<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote33\">33 <\/sup>Md Zakariya Khan, \u201cIndia finalises FTA with Oman, gets unprecedented market access with zero-duty on 98% tariff lines,\u201d Fortune India, December 18, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortuneindia.com\/economy\/india-finalises-fta-with-oman-gets-unprecedented-market-access-with-zero-duty-on-98-tariff-lines\/128879\">https:\/\/www.fortuneindia.com\/economy\/india-finalises-fta-with-oman-gets-unprecedented-market-access-with-zero-duty-on-98-tariff-lines\/128879<\/a>; \u201cIndia looks at more FTAs in Gulf, GCC pact not on the table,\u201d <em>The Times of India<\/em>, September 20, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/business\/india-business\/india-looks-at-more-ftas-in-gulf-gcc-pact-not-on-table\/articleshow\/124008312.cms\">https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/business\/india-business\/india-looks-at-more-ftas-in-gulf-gcc-pact-not-on-table\/articleshow\/124008312.cms<\/a>; \u00a0\u201cIndia\u2019s trade compass points everywhere at once as FTAs and deals multiply,\u201d <em>The Times of India<\/em>, September 29, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/economy\/foreign-trade\/india-global-trade-fta-eu-eaeu-efta-uae-oman-taiwan-investment-semiconductors-economic-partnership\/articleshow\/124208554.cms\">https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/economy\/foreign-trade\/india-global-trade-fta-eu-eaeu-efta-uae-oman-taiwan-investment-semiconductors-economic-partnership\/articleshow\/124208554.cms<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote34\">34 <\/sup>Amy Chew, \u201cGulf states, China take centre stage at summit of Southeast Asian nations,\u201d <em>Al Jazeera<\/em>, May 28, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/5\/28\/gulf-states-china-take-centre-stage-at-summit-of-southeast-asian-nations\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/5\/28\/gulf-states-china-take-centre-stage-at-summit-of-southeast-asian-nations<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote35\">35 <\/sup>\u201cGCC and ASEAN Adopt Joint Declaration to Strengthen Economic Partnership,\u201d <em>Saudi Press Agency<\/em>, June 12, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spa.gov.sa\/en\/N2330327\">https:\/\/www.spa.gov.sa\/en\/N2330327<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote36\">36 <\/sup>Kuwait News Agency (KUNA), \u201cJapan, GCC hold 2nd round of FTA talks,\u201d <em>Zawya<\/em>, July 4, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zawya.com\/en\/economy\/gcc\/japan-gcc-hold-2nd-round-of-fta-talks-t5n6m7m8\">https:\/\/www.zawya.com\/en\/economy\/gcc\/japan-gcc-hold-2nd-round-of-fta-talks-t5n6m7m8<\/a>; Justin Varghese, \u201cUK-GCC free trade deal nears finish line, promises $10.8b boost to two-way trade,\u201d <em>Gulf News<\/em>, June 27, <a href=\"https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/business\/markets\/uk-gcc-free-trade-deal-nears-finish-line-promises-108b-boost-to-two-way-trade-1.500178344\">https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/business\/markets\/uk-gcc-free-trade-deal-nears-finish-line-promises-108b-boost-to-two-way-trade-1.500178344<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote37\">37 <\/sup>Leila-Maria Faddoul, <em>The Key Obstacles to the GCC-EU Free Trade Agreement in 2025<\/em>, AGDA Insight (Abu Dhabi: Anwar Gargash Diplomatic Academy, April 2025), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agda.ac.ae\/docs\/default-source\/2025\/leila-maria-faddoul_agda-insight_final-draft.pdf?sfvrsn=e4a1633b_1\">https:\/\/www.agda.ac.ae\/docs\/default-source\/2025\/leila-maria-faddoul_agda-insight_final-draft.pdf?sfvrsn=e4a1633b_1<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote38\">38 <\/sup>Emad Kaddorah, <em>The Position of the GCC States in the Belt and Road Initiative<\/em>, Research Paper (Doha, Qatar: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, May 17, 2024), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/en\/ResearchAndStudies\/Pages\/the-position-of-the-gcc-states-in-the-belt-and-road-initiative.aspx\">https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/en\/ResearchAndStudies\/Pages\/the-position-of-the-gcc-states-in-the-belt-and-road-initiative.aspx<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote39\">39 <\/sup>\u201cKuwait, China seal Mubarak Al-Kabeer Port project deal,\u201d <em>Kuwait Times<\/em>, February 16, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/kuwaittimes.com\/article\/24674\/kuwait\/other-news\/kuwait-china-seal-mubarak-al-kabeer-port-project-deal\/\">https:\/\/kuwaittimes.com\/article\/24674\/kuwait\/other-news\/kuwait-china-seal-mubarak-al-kabeer-port-project-deal\/<\/a>; Jonathan Yee, \u201cAPIC \u201925: Asia-GCC trade opportunities exist amid global headwinds,\u201d <em>Independent Commodity Intelligence Services<\/em>, May 16, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icis.com\/explore\/resources\/news\/2025\/05\/16\/11101460\/apic-25-asia-gcc-trade-opportunities-exist-amid-global-headwinds-gpca\/\">https:\/\/www.icis.com\/explore\/resources\/news\/2025\/05\/16\/11101460\/apic-25-asia-gcc-trade-opportunities-exist-amid-global-headwinds-gpca\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote40\">40 <\/sup>Hung Tran, \u201cIs the end of the petrodollar near?\u201d <em>Atlantic Council<\/em>, June 20, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/econographics\/is-the-end-of-the-petrodollar-near\/\">https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/econographics\/is-the-end-of-the-petrodollar-near\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote41\">41 <\/sup>Manal Al-Barakati, \u201cGrowing Saudi-China relations may lead to yuan-based oil trade: S&amp;P,\u201d <em>Arab News<\/em>, August 21, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2568284\/business-economy\">https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2568284\/business-economy<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote42\">42 <\/sup>Amena Bakr, \u201cQatar launches first Chinese yuan clearing hub in Middle East,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, April 14, 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/business\/qatar-launches-first-chinese-yuan-clearing-hub-in-middle-east-idUSL5N0XB2D2\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/business\/qatar-launches-first-chinese-yuan-clearing-hub-in-middle-east-idUSL5N0XB2D2\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote43\">43 <\/sup>Ghulam Ali, \u201cChinese yuan gaining greater currency in the Gulf,\u201d <em>Asia Times<\/em>, January 19, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/asiatimes.com\/2024\/01\/chinese-yuan-gaining-greater-currency-in-the-gulf\/\">https:\/\/asiatimes.com\/2024\/01\/chinese-yuan-gaining-greater-currency-in-the-gulf\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote44\">44 <\/sup>Marc Jones, \u201cSaudi Arabia joins BIS- and China-led central bank digital currency project,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, June 5, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/technology\/saudi-arabia-joins-bis-led-central-bank-digital-currency-trial-2024-06-05\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/technology\/saudi-arabia-joins-bis-led-central-bank-digital-currency-trial-2024-06-05\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote45\">45 <\/sup>\u00a0\u201cChinese investment bank CICC opens branch in Dubai\u2019s DIFC,\u201d <em>Gulf Business<\/em>, May 16, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/chinas-investment-bank-cicc-opens-branch-in-difc\/\">https:\/\/gulfbusiness.com\/chinas-investment-bank-cicc-opens-branch-in-difc\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote46\">46 <\/sup>Degang Sun and Fanxi He, \u201cGCC Countries\u2019 Future Relationship With the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: Motivation and Prospect,\u201d <em>Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies<\/em> 17, no. 1 (April 2013): 1\u201314. April 13, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/25765949.2023.2200115\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/25765949.2023.2200115<\/a>; Rashid Al-Mohanadi, \u201cWhat the Iranian Attack on Qatar Means for the Future of Gulf Security,\u201d <em>Afk\u0101r<\/em> (blog), July 1, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/blog_posts\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89\/\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/blog_posts\/what-the-iranian-attack-on-qatar-means-for-the-future-of-the-gulf\/<\/a>; .<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote47\">47 <\/sup>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Schneider, \u201cThe Stalling Visions of the Gulf: The Case of Saudi Arabia\u2019s Vision 2030,\u201d <em>Washington Institute for Near East Policy<\/em>, May 14, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/stalling-visions-gulf-case-saudi-arabias-vision-2030\">https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/stalling-visions-gulf-case-saudi-arabias-vision-2030<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote48\">48 <\/sup>\u201cIran, Oman sign MOU on preferential trade, customs cooperation,\u201d <em>Tehran Times<\/em>, January 24, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tehrantimes.com\/news\/508981\/Iran-Oman-sign-MOU-on-preferential-trade-customs-cooperation\">https:\/\/www.tehrantimes.com\/news\/508981\/Iran-Oman-sign-MOU-on-preferential-trade-customs-cooperation<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote49\">49 <\/sup>Pramod Kumar, \u201cDP World to develop new projects in Pakistan,\u201d <em>Arabian Gulf Business Insight<\/em>, January 19, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agbi.com\/infrastructure\/2024\/01\/dp-world-to-develop-new-projects-in-pakistan\/\">https:\/\/www.agbi.com\/infrastructure\/2024\/01\/dp-world-to-develop-new-projects-in-pakistan\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote50\">50 <\/sup>Yee, \u201cAPIC \u201925\u201d; Sesona Mdlockovana, \u201cBRICS and the Future of the GCC: Is the UAE Leading a Gulf Realignment?\u201d <em>BRICS+ Consulting Group<\/em>, n.d., <a href=\"https:\/\/bricscg.com\/silk-road-2-0-the-uae-brics-trade-revolution-and-its-global-impact\/\">https:\/\/bricscg.com\/silk-road-2-0-the-uae-brics-trade-revolution-and-its-global-impact\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote51\">51 <\/sup>Michael Hasbani, Hanne Jesca Bax, Marc Lhermitte, \u201cHow the GCC is leveraging foreign direct investment to boost regional confidence,\u201d <em>Ernst &amp; Young (EY)<\/em>, November 26, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ey.com\/en_ae\/attractiveness\/how-the-gcc-is-leveraging-foreign-direct-investment-to-boost-regional-confidence\">https:\/\/www.ey.com\/en_ae\/attractiveness\/how-the-gcc-is-leveraging-foreign-direct-investment-to-boost-regional-confidence<\/a>; Waheed Abbas, \u201cGCC leads in ease of doing business,\u201d <em>Khaleej Times<\/em>, October 2, 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khaleejtimes.com\/world\/gcc-leads-in-ease-of-doing-business\">https:\/\/www.khaleejtimes.com\/world\/gcc-leads-in-ease-of-doing-business<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote52\">52 <\/sup>Amr Goussous, Olaf Schirmer, Alexandre Sawaya, and Mohamad Basma, <em>Re-birth of Special Economic Zones in the GCC<\/em> (N.p.: PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), June 15, 2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/m1\/en\/publications\/documents\/re-birth-of-special-economic-zones-gcc.pdf\">https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/m1\/en\/publications\/documents\/re-birth-of-special-economic-zones-gcc.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote53\">53 <\/sup>Miguel Hadchity, \u201cSaudi Arabia\u2019s petrochemical growth accelerates with strategic investments and Vision 2030,\u201d <em>Arab News<\/em>, October 05, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2574023\/business-economy\">https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2574023\/business-economy<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote54\">54 <\/sup>Alvin R. Cabral, \u201cDoubling re-exports to &#8216;significantly&#8217; boost UAE GDP, minister says,\u201d <em>The National<\/em>, April 12, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/economy\/2023\/04\/12\/doubling-re-exports-to-significantly-boost-uae-gdp-minister-says\/\">https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/economy\/2023\/04\/12\/doubling-re-exports-to-significantly-boost-uae-gdp-minister-says\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote55\">55 <\/sup>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Schneider, \u201cStart-Ups and SMEs: Key Lessons for the GCC from Global Models,\u201d <em>Gulf International Forum<\/em>, June 18, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/gulfif.org\/start-ups-and-smes-key-lessons-for-the-gcc-from-global-models\/\">https:\/\/gulfif.org\/start-ups-and-smes-key-lessons-for-the-gcc-from-global-models\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote56\">56 <\/sup>Schneider, <em>Lessons from the Mittelstand Model<\/em>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote57\">57 <\/sup>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Schneider, \u201cTubes or Tracks: How (Not) to Revitalise Regional Economic and Political Integration in the Gulf,\u201d <em>London School of Economics Middle East Centre<\/em>, June 8, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/mec\/2021\/06\/08\/tubes-or-tracks-how-not-to-revitalise-regional-economic-and-political-integration-in-the-gulf\/\">https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/mec\/2021\/06\/08\/tubes-or-tracks-how-not-to-revitalise-regional-economic-and-political-integration-in-the-gulf\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote58\">58 <\/sup> Federico Maccioni, \u201cQatar&#8217;s defence firm Barzan to sign first deal with Emirati company,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, February 18, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/qatars-defence-firm-barzan-sign-first-deal-with-emirati-company-2025-02-17\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/aerospace-defense\/qatars-defence-firm-barzan-sign-first-deal-with-emirati-company-2025-02-17\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote59\">59 <\/sup> Conrad Prabhu, \u201cChina\u2019s Higer named tech partner for Duqm bus project,\u201d <em>Oman Observer<\/em>, December 5, 2017, \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.omanobserver.om\/article\/67427\/Business\/chinas-higer-named-tech-partner-for-duqm-bus-project\">https:\/\/www.omanobserver.om\/article\/67427\/Business\/chinas-higer-named-tech-partner-for-duqm-bus-project<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote60\">60 <\/sup> Omar El Chmouri, Alex Dooler, Dinesh Nair, and Christine Burke, \u201cA Slowdown in Saudi Arabia is Roiling the Consulting Market,\u201d <em>Bloomberg<\/em>, March 15, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2025-03-15\/a-slowdown-in-saudi-arabia-is-roiling-the-consulting-market\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2025-03-15\/a-slowdown-in-saudi-arabia-is-roiling-the-consulting-market<\/a>.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642. \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0641\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":477475,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[80],"programs":[],"publication_type":[92],"class_list":["post-477439","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-80","publication_type-92","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/477439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/477475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=477439"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=477439"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=477439"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=477439"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=477439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}