{"id":476810,"date":"2025-11-12T12:55:55","date_gmt":"2025-11-12T12:55:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=476810"},"modified":"2025-12-14T09:03:53","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T09:03:53","slug":"%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 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justify;\"><em><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong>: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a 20 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2024\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/international\/analysis\/country\/sdn\">https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/international\/analysis\/country\/sdn<\/a>.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 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data-src=\"visualisation\/26177102\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/26177102\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><em><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: <\/strong>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a 10 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/countries\/sudan\/electricity#how-is-electricity-used-in-sudan\">https:\/\/www.iea.org\/countries\/sudan\/electricity#how-is-electricity-used-in-sudan<\/a>.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a 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class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/26177159\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/26177159\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a 20 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c https:\/\/africa-energy-portal.org\/aep\/country\/sudan; <\/em><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.RUR.TOTL?end=2024&amp;locations=SD&amp;start=1960&amp;view=chart.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup> World Bank DataBank, \u201cWorld Development Indicators (WDI): Sudan: Rural population (% of total population),\u201d\u00a0 accessed August 27, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/reports.aspx?source=2&amp;series=SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS&amp;country=SDN,TGO\">https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/reports.aspx?source=2&amp;series=SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS&amp;country=SDN,TGO#<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup> International Energy Agency, \u201cSudan: Electricity,\u201d accessed June 10, 2025,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/countries\/sudan\/electricity#how-is-electricity-used-in-sudan\">https:\/\/www.iea.org\/countries\/sudan\/electricity#how-is-electricity-used-in-sudan<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 24 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/h6>\n<h6>\u00a0Khalid Abdelaziz and Eltayeb Siddig, \u201cSudan war shatters infrastructure, costly rebuild needed,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, May 28, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/sudan-war-shatters-infrastructure-costly-rebuild-needed-2025-05-28\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/sudan-war-shatters-infrastructure-costly-rebuild-needed-2025-05-28\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup>\u00a0Abdalftah Hamed Ali, \u201cCivilians in the Crosshairs as RSF Escalates Sudan War with Drone Barrage,\u201d <em>Afk\u0101r <\/em>(blog), June 17, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/blog_posts\/%d9%82%d9%88%d9%91%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%b9%d9%91%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88\/\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/blog_posts\/civilians-in-the-crosshairs-as-rsf-escalates-sudan-war-with-drone-barrage\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> \u00a0\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0637\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 15 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 20 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/h6>\n<h6>\u201cSudan\u2019s electricity, transport sectors crippled by ongoing civil war,\u201d <em>China News<\/em>, May 18, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/english.news.cn\/africa\/20250518\/49e6f2c9623141d3985a25be0bb61e75\/c.html\">https:\/\/english.news.cn\/africa\/20250518\/49e6f2c9623141d3985a25be0bb61e75\/c.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> Abdelaziz and Siddig, \u201cSudan war shatters infrastructure.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup> \u00a0Osama Mohammed Elmardi Suleiman Khayal, \u201cLiterature Review on Hybrid Photovoltaic \u2013 Diesel Power System in Sudan,\u201d <em>Global Journal of Engineering Sciences \u2013 GJES <\/em>10, no.5 (January 2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/irispublishers.com\/gjes\/fulltext\/Literature-Review-on-Hybrid-Photovoltaic%20\u2013%20Diesel-Power-System-in-Sudan.ID.000748.php\">https:\/\/irispublishers.com\/gjes\/fulltext\/Literature-Review-on-Hybrid-Photovoltaic%20\u2013%20Diesel-Power-System-in-Sudan.ID.000748.php<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), <em>The Potential of Sudanese Diaspora Remittances<\/em> (N.p.: UNDP, September 2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sites\/g\/files\/zskgke326\/files\/migration\/sd\/0842e3a1e75277ab55feab7817d3145a452eecfaecba808de2d1a85e32191c45.pdf.%20\">https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sites\/g\/files\/zskgke326\/files\/migration\/sd\/0842e3a1e75277ab55feab7817d3145a452eecfaecba808de2d1a85e32191c45.pdf. <\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> U.S. Energy Information Administration, \u201cSudan: Overview,\u201d March 20, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/international\/analysis\/country\/sdn\">https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/international\/analysis\/country\/sdn<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup> \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/h6>\n<h6>Kenta Usui, Laurencia Karimi Njagi, Mbuso\u00a0 Gwafila, M. Ananda Covindassamy, and Amin Sabri Ahmed Abd Alaal, <em>From Subsidy to Sustainability: Diagnostic Review of Sudan\u2019s Electricity Sector<\/em>, Working Paper, (Washington, D.C: World Bank Group, April 30, 2020), 8-30, <a href=\"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/486961588608080192\">http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/486961588608080192<\/a>; \u201cUN: Sudan imported $ 1 billion worth fuel in 2019,\u201d <em>Darfur 24<\/em>, September 20, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.darfur24.com\/en\/2020\/09\/20\/un-sudan-imported-1-billion-worth-fuel-in-2019\/\">https:\/\/www.darfur24.com\/en\/2020\/09\/20\/un-sudan-imported-1-billion-worth-fuel-in-2019\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 58 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2018. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/h6>\n<h6>\u00a0Kenta, Njagi, Gwafila, Covindassamy and Abdala, From Subsidy to Sustainability, 11.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> \u201cHow Is Sudan\u2019s Civil War Crippling Its Energy Sector?\u201d <em>Africa Energy News<\/em>, May 20, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/africaenergynews.co.ke\/how-is-sudans-civil-war-crippling-its-energy-sector\/\">https:\/\/africaenergynews.co.ke\/how-is-sudans-civil-war-crippling-its-energy-sector\/<\/a>; World Bank Group, <em>Sudan Economic Update May 2025-Economic Policy Eastern and Southern Africa Region<\/em> (Washington DC: The World Bank, June 9, 2025), <a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/entities\/publication\/34749b76-5d3d-4f71-bd06-e0a68df1121f\">https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/entities\/publication\/34749b76-5d3d-4f71-bd06-e0a68df1121f<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> \u00a0\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c 12 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/rakobanews.com\/sudan-economy\/sudanese-economic-news\/134429\">https:\/\/rakobanews.com\/sudan-economy\/sudanese-economic-news\/134429<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup>\u00a0\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0640150 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0,10 \u06480,12 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (LCOE) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 0,0376 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> \u00a0Terra Energy, <em>Utility-Scale Solar in Sudan: Case Study Of Al-Fashir Plant &#8211; Sudan\u2019s First Utility Scale Solar Project<\/em>, (Kigali, Rwanda: Terra Energy, March 2023), 8, <a href=\"https:\/\/terraenergi.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Utility-Scale-Solar-in-Sudan.pdf\">https:\/\/terraenergi.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Utility-Scale-Solar-in-Sudan.pdf<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup> Kenta, Njagi, Gwafila, Covindassamy and Abd Alaal, <em>From Subsidy to Sustainability<\/em>, 13.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup>\u00a0Ibid., 22<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup>\u00a0Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup> \u00a0IEA, \u201cSudan: Electricity.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup> Monged Abdalla, and Tamer Qarmout, \u201cAn analysis of Sudan\u2019s energy sector and its renewable energy potential in a comparative African perspective,\u201d <em>International Journal of Environmental Studies<\/em> 80, no.4 (2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00207233.2023.2177417?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true#abstract\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00207233.2023.2177417?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true#abstract<\/a>; UNDP, <em>Empowering Sudan: Renewable Energy Addressing Poverty &amp; Development<\/em>, (Khartoum, Sudan: UNDP, September 9, 2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sudan\/publications\/empowering-sudan-renewable-energy-addressing-poverty-development\">https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sudan\/publications\/empowering-sudan-renewable-energy-addressing-poverty-development<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup> \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2021\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 84 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064049 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: U.S. Energy Information Administration, \u201cSudan: Overview\u201d; Terra Energy, <em>Utility-Scale Solar.<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup>\u00a0Razaz H. Basheir and Mohamed Salah Abdelrahman, \u201cThe electricity crisis in Sudan: Between quick-fixes and opportunities for a sustainable energy transition,\u201d <em>Transnational Institute<\/em>, October 14,\u00a0 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tni.org\/en\/article\/the-electricity-crisis-in-sudan\">https:\/\/www.tni.org\/en\/article\/the-electricity-crisis-in-sudan<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup> United Nations \u2013 African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), \u201cDoha Document for Peace in Darfur,\u201d May 2011, <a href=\"https:\/\/unamid.unmissions.org\/doha-document-peace-darfur\">https:\/\/unamid.unmissions.org\/doha-document-peace-darfur<\/a>; International Crisis Group, <em>Sudan\u2019s Spreading Conflict (III): The Limits of Darfur\u2019s Peace Process<\/em>, Africa Report No. 211 (Brussels, Belgium: International Crisis Group, January 2014), 1-18, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/sites\/default\/files\/sudan-s-spreading-conflict-iii-the-limits-of-darfur-s-peace-process.pdf\">https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/sites\/default\/files\/sudan-s-spreading-conflict-iii-the-limits-of-darfur-s-peace-process.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup> \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 70 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: UNDP, UNIDO, UNHABITAT, WHO, DRA, MWRE, NERC, <em>Darfur Solar Electrification Project<\/em>, Joint Programme\/Project Document of The UN Fund for Recovery, Reconstruction and Development in Darfur (Khartoum, Sudan: UNDP, UNIDO, UNHABITAT, WHO, DRA, MWRE, NERC, February 2016), <a href=\"https:\/\/mptf.undp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/20000\/7._darfur_solar_electrification_project_final.pdf\">https:\/\/mptf.undp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/20000\/7._darfur_solar_electrification_project_final.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup> \u00a0UNDP, <em>Empowering Sudan: Renewable Energy Addressing Poverty &amp; Development<\/em>, (Khartoum, Sudan: UNDP, September 9, 2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sudan\/publications\/empowering-sudan-renewable-energy-addressing-poverty-development\">https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sudan\/publications\/empowering-sudan-renewable-energy-addressing-poverty-development<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup> \u00a0\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030. \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 (MWp) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u2014\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627\u2014\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 1,1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 100 \u0623\u0648 200 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Ministry of Water Resources and Electricity (Sudan), <em>Rural electrification with Solar Home Systems Project<\/em> (Khartoum, Sudan: Ministry of Water Resources and Electricity, n.d.), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unescwa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/event\/materials\/2p4.pdf\">https:\/\/www.unescwa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/event\/materials\/2p4.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup> JP Casey, \u201cBNEF: Fixed-tilt PV LCOE to fall to US$35\/MWh by the end of 2025,\u201d <em>PV Tech<\/em>, February 6, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/bnef-fixed-tilt-pv-lcoe-fall-us35-mwh-end-of-2025\/\">https:\/\/www.pv-tech.org\/bnef-fixed-tilt-pv-lcoe-fall-us35-mwh-end-of-2025\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup> &#8220;10 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 .. \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c 16 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sudanakhbar.com\/1659438\u061b\">https:\/\/www.sudanakhbar.com\/1659438\u061b<\/a> &#8220;\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632\u060c 17 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025\u061b <a href=\"https:\/\/sudantimes.net\/?p=17690\">https:\/\/sudantimes.net\/?p=17690<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. &nbsp; \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":476823,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[86],"programs":[],"publication_type":[90],"class_list":["post-476810","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-86","publication_type-90","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/476810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/476823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=476810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=476810"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=476810"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=476810"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=476810"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=476810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}