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\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup> \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641&#8221; \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 Thomas Schelling, <em>The Strategy of Conflict<\/em> (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960).<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221; (othering) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00a0\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 Robert Wuthnow, \u201cOthering: Cultural Diversity and Symbolic Boundaries,\u201d in <em>American Misfits and the Making of Middle-Class Respectability<\/em> (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017), 258-287.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u064d \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 Morgan, F.\u00a0E. et al., <em>Dangerous Thresholds: Managing Escalation in the 21st Century <\/em>(Santa Monica\u00a0: Rand Corporation: Santa Monica, 2008),\u00a07\u20138, 18\u201319.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c &#8220;\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 &#8220;\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628&#8221;\u060c <em>Le 360<\/em>,\u060c 15 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.le360.ma\/politique\/selon-un-media-italien-lalgerie-preparerait-une-guerre-de-haute-intensite-contre-le-maroc_KXVWY4DWE5DD5JNGSY2XFJTHJI\/\">https:\/\/fr.le360.ma\/politique\/selon-un-media-italien-lalgerie-preparerait-une-guerre-de-haute-intensite-contre-le-maroc_KXVWY4DWE5DD5JNGSY2XFJTHJI\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> Ross A. Miller and Scott E. Bokemper, \u201cMedia Coverage and the Escalation of Militarized Interstate Disputes, 1992-2001,\u201d <em>Media, War &amp; Conflict<\/em> 9, no. 2 (August 2016): 162-79, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1750635216648116\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1750635216648116<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6>\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b<\/h6>\n<h6>\u00a0Mark Thompson, <em>Forging War: The Media in Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina<\/em> (London: Article 19, 1994).<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup> International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, \u201cAlgeria Country Commercial Guide: Digital Economy,\u201d accessed November 19, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.trade.gov\/country-commercial-guides\/algeria-digital-economy\">https:\/\/www.trade.gov\/country-commercial-guides\/algeria-digital-economy<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> Simon Kemp, \u201cDigital 2024: Morocco,\u201d DataReportal, accessed November 19, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/datareportal.com\/reports\/digital-2024-morocco\">https:\/\/datareportal.com\/reports\/digital-2024-morocco<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> Abdul-Wahab Kayyali, \u201cDigital media usage during times of distress,\u201d <em>Arab Pulse<\/em> (blog), February 10, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/eur06.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabbarometer.org%2F2021%2F02%2Fdigital-media-usage-during-times-of-distress%2F&amp;data=05|02|dghanem%40mecouncil.org|bbe5a0468910428c418508dd06e6813a|93756c6305a44e359f6587684af8a24d|0|0|638674309252224789|Unknown|TWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D|0|||&amp;sdata=ugoCQ3hPujEsD9%2FStgAZk6P8Ypypkn8iXJwV4pyj0YI%3D&amp;reserved=0\">https:\/\/www.arabbarometer.org\/2021\/02\/digital-media-usage-during-times-of-distress\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0651\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629\u2026 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 13 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c<\/h6>\n<h6>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arabifactshub.com\/ar\/articles\/details\/46428\">https:\/\/arabifactshub.com\/ar\/articles\/details\/46428<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup> Philip Seib, <em>Real-Time Diplomacy: Politics and Power in the Social Media Era<\/em> (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup>Michael D. Swaine, \u201c<em>Avoiding the Abyss: An Urgent Need for Sino-U.S. Crisis Management<\/em>,\u201d (Washington, DC: Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, 2024), <a href=\"https:\/\/quincyinst.org\/research\/avoiding-the-abyss-an-urgent-need-for-sino-u-s-crisis-management\/#post-authors\">https:\/\/quincyinst.org\/research\/avoiding-the-abyss-an-urgent-need-for-sino-u-s-crisis-management\/#post-authors<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u064d \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062c\u0651\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d  \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":475986,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[],"programs":[],"publication_type":[91],"class_list":["post-475953","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","publication_type-91","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/475953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/475986"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=475953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=475953"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=475953"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=475953"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=475953"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=475953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}