{"id":475696,"date":"2025-08-04T19:27:24","date_gmt":"2025-08-04T19:27:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=475696"},"modified":"2025-08-18T10:06:19","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T10:06:19","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d9%83%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d9%83%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629&#8221; (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) \u0648&#8221;\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0646&#8221;(Mitsubishi Corporation) \u00a0\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2008\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 90 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 75 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote3\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0628\u0631\u062c \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a<a href=\"#endnote6\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote7\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 1: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2010 \u06482024 <\/strong><a href=\"#endnote8\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/24575343\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/24575343\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 2: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u00a0 2010 \u06482022<a href=\"#endnote9\"><sup> 9<\/sup><\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/24575400\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/24575400\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 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\u0648&#8221;\u062a\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627&#8221; (Toshiba) \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643&#8221; (General Electric) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 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\u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025.<a href=\"#endnote11\"><sup> 11<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064e\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 10 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0644 &#8220;\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (KEPCO) \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 (KHNP) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064d \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 3: \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 2010 \u06482022<a href=\"#endnote12\"><sup> 12<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/24575437\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/24575437\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a 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\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 2013 \u06482022 .<a href=\"#endnote16\"><sup>16<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629\u064b 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064e\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup> See for example: Eduard Jordaan, \u201cThe Concept of a Middle Power in International Relations: Distinguishing Between Emerging and Traditional Middle Powers,\u201d <em>Politikon<\/em> 30, no. 1 (2003): 165-181, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0258934032000147282; Yoshihide Soeya, \u201cProspects for Japan as a Middle Power,\u201d East Asia Forum Quarterly, July 29, 2013, https:\/\/eastasiaforum.org\/2013\/07\/29\/prospects-for-japan-as-a-middle-power\/; Sung-Mi Kim, <em>South Korea\u2019s middle-power diplomacy: Changes and challenges<\/em>, Research Paper, (London, United Kingdom: Chatham House, June 2016), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/research\/2016-06-22-south-korea-middle-power-kim.pdf\">https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/research\/2016-06-22-south-korea-middle-power-kim.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup> Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, \u201cThe Dubai Metro, the World\u2019s Longest Fully Automated Metro Network,\u201d <em>Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review<\/em>, Vol. 49, No. 2 (June 2012), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mhi.co.jp\/technology\/review\/pdf\/e492\/e492001.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">https:\/\/www.mhi.co.jp\/technology\/review\/pdf\/e492\/e492001.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> Rachna Uppal and Ahmed Elimam, \u201cGCC-South Korea sign free trade deal in boost to Gulf-Asia economic ties,\u201d Reuters<em>,<\/em> December 28, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/gulf-cooperation-council-signs-free-trade-agreement-with-south-korea-gcc-2023-12-28\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/gulf-cooperation-council-signs-free-trade-agreement-with-south-korea-gcc-2023-12-28\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup> Adel Abdel Ghafar, <em>South Korea and GCC States: A Growing Partnership<\/em>, Issue Brief (Doha, Qatar: Middle East Council on Global Affairs, August 2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication\/south-korea-and-gcc-states-a-growing-partnership\/\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication\/south-korea-and-gcc-states-a-growing-partnership\/<\/a>; and Moon Chung-In, \u201cKorean contractors in Saudi Arabia: Their rise and fall,\u201d <em>The Middle East Journal<\/em> vol. 40, no. 4, (Fall 1986): 618-619, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4327423\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4327423<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> Hae Won Jeong, \u201cBeyond resource diplomacy and economic statecraft: UAE-ROK relations in the 21st century,\u201d <em>Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies<\/em> 13, no. 2 (2019): 226-245, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/25765949.2019.1605569\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/25765949.2019.1605569<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway, Kuwait,\u201d Hyundai Engineering and Construction,<\/h6>\n<h6>\u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a 29 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.hdec.kr\/en\/tech\/project.aspx?bizIntro=342&amp;bizCate=BRIDGE&amp;searchType=CIVIL\">https:\/\/en.hdec.kr\/en\/tech\/project.aspx?bizIntro=342&amp;bizCate=BRIDGE&amp;searchType=CIVIL<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup> \u201cKorea, Saudi Arabia progress with SMART collaboration,\u201d <em>World Nuclear News<\/em>, January 7, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/world-nuclear-news.org\/Articles\/Korea-Saudi-Arabia-progress-with-SMART-collaborati\">https:\/\/world-nuclear-news.org\/Articles\/Korea-Saudi-Arabia-progress-with-SMART-collaborati<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629)\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a 29 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/tradedata.go.kr\/cts\/index_eng.do\">https:\/\/tradedata.go.kr\/cts\/index_eng.do<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), World Bank, \u201cJapan Exports by country\u00a0in US$ Thousand 2010-2022,\u201d \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a 29 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c<\/h6>\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/CountryProfile\/en\/Country\/JPN\/StartYear\/2010\/EndYear\/2022\/TradeFlow\/Export\/Partner\/BY-COUNTRY\/Indicator\/XPRT-TRD-VL\">https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/CountryProfile\/en\/Country\/JPN\/StartYear\/2010\/EndYear\/2022\/TradeFlow\/Export\/Partner\/BY-COUNTRY\/Indicator\/XPRT-TRD-VL<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> Amena Bakr and Cho Mee-young, \u201cSouth Korea wins landmark Gulf nuclear power deal,\u201d Reuters, December 27, 2009, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/business\/autos-transportation\/south-korea-wins-landmark-gulf-nuclear-power-deal-idUSLDE5BQ05O\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/business\/autos-transportation\/south-korea-wins-landmark-gulf-nuclear-power-deal-idUSLDE5BQ05O\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup> \u201cSaudi Civilian Nuclear Program: MBS prioritizing South Korean bid but what is the alternative?\u201d <em>Tactical Report<\/em>, January 23, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tacticalreport.com\/daily\/62477-saudi-civilian-nuclear-program-primary-and-backup-options-for-mbs\">https:\/\/www.tacticalreport.com\/daily\/62477-saudi-civilian-nuclear-program-primary-and-backup-options-for-mbs<\/a>; Zi-Hoon Lee and So-Hyeon Kim, \u201cS.Korea to bid for Saudi Arabia\u2019s $10 bn nuclear plant order,\u201d The Korea Economic Daily, May 31, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kedglobal.com\/energy\/newsView\/ked202205310016\">https:\/\/www.kedglobal.com\/energy\/newsView\/ked202205310016<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup> WITS, \u201cJapan Exports.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> \u201cGCC, Japan Announce Resumption of Free Trade Agreement Negotiations,\u201d <em>Asharq Al Awsat<\/em>, July 16, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/business\/4436491-gcc-japan-announce-resumption-free-trade-agreement-negotiations\">https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/business\/4436491-gcc-japan-announce-resumption-free-trade-agreement-negotiations<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> Farzad Ramezani Bonesh, \u201cJapan\u2019s Multilateral Trade with the GCC; 2023 \/ 2024 Status and Prospects,\u201d Middle East Briefing, December 12, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeastbriefing.com\/news\/japans-multilateral-trade-with-the-gcc-2023-2024-status-and-prospects\/\">https:\/\/www.middleeastbriefing.com\/news\/japans-multilateral-trade-with-the-gcc-2023-2024-status-and-prospects\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup> Kim Nam-hee, \u201cKorea aims for top four in global arms exports amid rising security threats,\u201d Chosun Biz<em>,<\/em> May 6, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/biz.chosun.com\/en\/en-industry\/2025\/05\/06\/WUCE64SVTBFCNFSIG5D3H3X4QQ\/\">https:\/\/biz.chosun.com\/en\/en-industry\/2025\/05\/06\/WUCE64SVTBFCNFSIG5D3H3X4QQ\/<\/a>;\u00a0 UN Comtrade Database, \u00a0\u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a 29 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c<\/h6>\n<h6>, <a href=\"https:\/\/comtradeplus.un.org\/\">https:\/\/comtradeplus.un.org<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> Jack Kim, \u201cUAE President Visits South Korea with defence and energy on agenda,\u201d Reuters, May 29, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/uae-president-visits-south-korea-with-defence-energy-agenda-2024-05-28\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/uae-president-visits-south-korea-with-defence-energy-agenda-2024-05-28\/?<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup> Scott Harrison, Momo Sakudo and Tae Yeon Eom, \u201cSouth Korea Aims to Grow Arms Exports as Defence Sector Booms,\u201d Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, October 31, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asiapacific.ca\/publication\/south-korea-aims-grow-arms-exports-defence-sector-booms\">https:\/\/www.asiapacific.ca\/publication\/south-korea-aims-grow-arms-exports-defence-sector-booms<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup> \u201cJapan\u2019s Policies on the Control of Arms Exports,\u201d Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/policy\/un\/disarmament\/policy\/index.html\">https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/policy\/un\/disarmament\/policy\/index.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup> Japan-Oman Military to Military (MM) Dialogue,\u201d Ministry of Defense (Japan), June 23, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/en\/article\/2023\/06\/5070e31e9c23f017974ec0f03bc5f154a6f22719.html\">https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/en\/article\/2023\/06\/5070e31e9c23f017974ec0f03bc5f154a6f22719.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup> \u201cJapan-Qatar Military to Military (MM) Dialogue,\u201d Ministry of Defense (Japan), November 21, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/en\/article\/2023\/11\/ffa4bea7555287ff225260cf65d06c4057981866.html\">https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/en\/article\/2023\/11\/ffa4bea7555287ff225260cf65d06c4057981866.html<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup><\/h6>\n<h6>&#8220;\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 25 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023\u060c<\/h6>\n<h6>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/press\/release\/press7e_000004.html\">https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/press\/release\/press7e_000004.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup> For historical context, see Kan Kimura,\u00a0<em>The Burden of the Past: <\/em><em>Problems of Historical Perception in Japan-Korea Relations<\/em> (Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2019); and Ji Young Kim, \u201cEscaping the Vicious Cycle: Symbolic Politics and History Disputes Between South Korea and Japan,\u201d <em>Asian Perspective<\/em>\u00a038, no. 1 (2014): 31-60, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42704853\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42704853<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup> Abhishek Kumar Singh, \u201cA thaw in ties between South Korea and Japan,\u201d Observer Research Foundation, April 13, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.orfonline.org\/expert-speak\/a-thaw-in-ties-between-south-korea-and-japan\">https:\/\/www.orfonline.org\/expert-speak\/a-thaw-in-ties-between-south-korea-and-japan<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup> \u201cExperts react: What does South Korean President Lee Jae-myung mean for Indo-Pacific security?,\u201d <em>Atlantic Council,<\/em> June 3, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/new-atlanticist\/experts-react\/what-does-president-lee-jae-myung-mean-for-south-koreas-future\/\">https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/new-atlanticist\/experts-react\/what-does-president-lee-jae-myung-mean-for-south-koreas-future\/<\/a>; Kim Tong Hyung and Kim Hung Jin, \u201cNew South Korean President Lee faces crucial challenges at home and abroad,\u201d AP News, June 4, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/south-korea-election-president-lee-challenges-5d2a70f8bce53d64a0486d9e165871ab\">https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/south-korea-election-president-lee-challenges-5d2a70f8bce53d64a0486d9e165871ab<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup> Sarah Chea, \u201cNuclear crossroads under Lee Jae-myung: A slow fade or qualitative leap?\u201d Korea JoongAng Daily, June 4, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/koreajoongangdaily.joins.com\/news\/2025-06-04\/business\/industry\/Nuclear-crossroads-under-Lee-Jaemyung-A-slow-fade-or-qualitative-leap\/2322661\">https:\/\/koreajoongangdaily.joins.com\/news\/2025-06-04\/business\/industry\/Nuclear-crossroads-under-Lee-Jaemyung-A-slow-fade-or-qualitative-leap\/2322661<\/a>; Joyce Lee, \u201cSouth Korea plans two new large nuclear reactors, more renewables in energy mix,\u201d Reuters, February 21, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/south-korea-plans-two-new-large-nuclear-reactors-more-renewables-energy-mix-2025-02-21\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/south-korea-plans-two-new-large-nuclear-reactors-more-renewables-energy-mix-2025-02-21\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup> \u201cPrime Minister Ishiba Attends ASEAN-related Summit Meetings (October 10-12, 2024),\u201d Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, October 11, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/a_o\/rp\/pageite_000001_00604.html\">https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/a_o\/rp\/pageite_000001_00604.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup> Shino Matsuyama, \u201cJapan to Offer Defense Equipment to Four Nations,\u201d The Asahi Shimbun, December 3, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/15534793\">https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/15534793<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup> Song Sang-ho, \u201c(News Focus) S. Korea&#8217;s decision for &#8216;independent&#8217; naval ops in Hormuz Strait seeks delicate balance between U.S., Iran,\u201d Yonhap News Agency, January 21, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.yna.co.kr\/view\/AEN20200121005000325\">https:\/\/en.yna.co.kr\/view\/AEN20200121005000325<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup> \u201cSouth Korea, US, Japan Conduct Joint Maritime Military Exercise,\u201d <em>Qatar News Agency<\/em>, April 12, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/qna.org.qa\/en\/news\/news-details?id=0017-south-korea,-us,-japan-conduct-joint-maritime-military-exercise&amp;date=12\/04\/2024#:~:text=South%20Korea%2C%20US%2C%20Japan%20Conduct,David%20summit%20in%20August%202023\">https:\/\/qna.org.qa\/en\/news\/news-details?id=0017-south-korea,-us,-japan-conduct-joint-maritime-military-exercise&amp;date=12\/04\/2024#:~:text=South%20Korea%2C%20US%2C%20Japan%20Conduct,David%20summit%20in%20August%202023<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote30\">30 <\/sup> \u201cJapan-Palestine Relations,\u201d Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan,<\/h6>\n<h6>\u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a 29 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025<\/h6>\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/region\/middle_e\/palestine\/data.html\">https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/region\/middle_e\/palestine\/data.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote31\">31 <\/sup> Lee Dasom, \u201cOfficial development aid in 2024 rises 24.8% to USD 3.94B,\u201d Korea.net, April 18, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.korea.net\/NewsFocus\/Business\/view?articleId=270078\">https:\/\/www.korea.net\/NewsFocus\/Business\/view?articleId=270078<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote32\">32 <\/sup> Adel Abdel Ghafar, <em>The Case for Palestine: Why Japan and South Korea Should Recognize Palestinian Statehood<\/em>, Policy Note, (Doha, Qatar: Middle East Council on Global Affairs, July 2024), <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication\/the-case-for-palestine-why-japan-and-south-korea-should-recognize-palestinian-statehood\/\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication\/the-case-for-palestine-why-japan-and-south-korea-should-recognize-palestinian-statehood\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote33\">33 <\/sup> \u201cOnline Briefing Session on Post-Ceasefire Gaza Rebuilding for the Conference on Cooperation among East Asian Countries for Palestinian Development (CEAPAD),\u201d Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, February 12, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/press\/release\/pressite_000001_00987.html\">https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/press\/release\/pressite_000001_00987.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645 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