{"id":475456,"date":"2025-07-03T14:07:34","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T14:07:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=475456"},"modified":"2025-07-24T07:53:15","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T07:53:15","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%83-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%aa%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%83-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%aa%d9%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643: \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong> \u0641\u062c\u0651\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2025 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0651\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631:<\/strong> \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 1374 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646.<a href=\"#endnote1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011.<a href=\"#endnote2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<a href=\"#endnote3\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642<a href=\"#endnote4\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a> (\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a \u063a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u063a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 2012.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u063a\u0646\u0631&#8221;. \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0633\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#endnote5\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015. \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2024. <a href=\"#endnote6\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0651\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644<a href=\"#endnote7\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: &#8220;\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<a href=\"#endnote8\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote9\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a> \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064e \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631.<a href=\"#endnote10\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 1962 \u06481960\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0623\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#endnote11\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0631.<a href=\"#endnote12\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 2006 \u06482012.<a href=\"#endnote13\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>&#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221;<\/strong><strong> \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong><strong> 2015: \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 2006 \u0648 <a href=\"#endnote14\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a>2009.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u063a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221;.<a href=\"#endnote15\"><sup>15<\/sup><\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 2012\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c<a href=\"#endnote16\"><sup>16<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642.<a href=\"#endnote17\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0651\u062c \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2015. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u063a\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 1992 \u06482015&#8221;.<a href=\"#endnote18\"><sup>18<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2016\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c<a href=\"#endnote19\"><sup>19<\/sup><\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u064e \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651\u0643\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062e\u0634\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote20\"><sup>20<\/sup><\/a>\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f<a href=\"#endnote21\"><sup>21<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2021\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221; \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2021\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (SIPRI) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"#endnote22\"><sup>22<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221; \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<a href=\"#endnote23\"><sup>23<\/sup><\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628.<a href=\"#endnote24\"><sup>24<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642.<a href=\"#endnote25\"><sup>25<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631.<a href=\"#endnote26\"><sup>26<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648 &#8220;\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f &#8220;\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c<a href=\"#endnote27\"><sup>27<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c 1840 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 85000 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote28\"><sup>28<\/sup><\/a> \u0636\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 16,3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote29\"><sup>29<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2024\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631\u060c<a><sup>30<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote31\"><sup>31<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0623\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u00a0\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a 2023\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c<a href=\"#endnote32\"><sup>32<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621<a href=\"#endnote33\"><sup>33<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 4500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4600 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 80 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#endnote34\"><sup>34<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627.<a href=\"#endnote35\"><sup>35<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064e\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0643&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0625\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221;.<a href=\"#endnote36\"><sup>36<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c<a href=\"#endnote37\"><sup>37<\/sup><\/a> \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u0651.<a href=\"#endnote38\"><sup>38<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0650\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2013\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 39 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 29 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627.<a href=\"#endnote39\"><sup>39<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#endnote40\"><sup>40<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2013\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a 11 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<a href=\"#endnote41\"><sup>41<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote42\"><sup>42<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u062b\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022\u060c \u062d\u062b\u0651 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644.<a href=\"#endnote43\"><sup>43<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2024\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<a href=\"#endnote44\"><sup>44<\/sup><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2025\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0651\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648.<a href=\"#endnote45\"><sup>45<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d. \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628.<a href=\"#endnote46\"><sup>46<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote47\"><sup>47<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote48\"><sup>48<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024.<a href=\"#endnote49\"><sup>49<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 (\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631) \u0633\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025.<a href=\"#endnote50\"><sup>50<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote51\"><sup>51<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote52\"><sup>52<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a&#8221; (\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627) \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<a href=\"#endnote53\"><sup>53<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 2012.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648&#8221;\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c<a href=\"#endnote54\"><sup>54<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0651\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0643&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0628&#8221; (SONIDEP) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote55\"><sup>55<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote56\"><sup>56<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648.<a href=\"#endnote57\"><sup>57<\/sup><\/a> \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><em>\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2025 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u063a\u0646\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2025 .<\/em><\/h6>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\"><\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup> David Ehl, \u201cHow an intercepted drone escalated Mali-Algeria tensions,\u201d DW, April 11, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/how-an-intercepted-drone-escalated-mali-algeria-tensions\/a-72216317\">https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/how-an-intercepted-drone-escalated-mali-algeria-tensions\/a-72216317<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup> Yahia H. Zoubir, \u201cQaddafi\u2019s Spawn: What the Dictator\u2019s Demise Unleashed in the Middle East,\u201d Foreign Affairs, July 24, 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/mali\/2012-07-24\/qaddafis-spawn%2523\">https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/mali\/2012-07-24\/qaddafis-spawn<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> \u201cMali Crisis: Key Players,\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em>, March 12, 2013, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-17582909\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-17582909<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup> \u201cAgreement for Peace and Reconciliation in Mali Resulting from the Algiers Process,\u201d United Nations, accessed June 2, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/pdfs\/EN-ML_150620_Accord-pour-la-paix-et-la-reconciliation-au-Mali_Issu-du-Processus-d'Alger.pdf\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/pdfs\/EN-ML_150620_Accord-pour-la-paix-et-la-reconciliation-au-Mali_Issu-du-Processus-d&#8217;Alger.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> \u201cMali recalls its envoy in Algeria after alleging interference, deepening tensions over peace efforts,\u201d <em>Associated Press<\/em>, December 23, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/mali-algeria-ambassador-recall-tuareg-c5a3c71db2d3f1df9dd94b094fb20494\">https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/mali-algeria-ambassador-recall-tuareg-c5a3c71db2d3f1df9dd94b094fb20494<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> Diakaridia Dembele and Katarina Hoije, \u201cMali Rebukes Algeria as Peace Accord With Rebels Unravels,\u201d Bloomberg, January 26, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2024-01-25\/mali-junta-ends-peace-agreement-with-separatist-rebels\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2024-01-25\/mali-junta-ends-peace-agreement-with-separatist-rebels<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup> Riyad Hamadi, \u201cAlg\u00e9rie \u2013 Mali : Bamako franchit la ligne rouge avec un grave d\u00e9rapage [Algeria \u2013 Mali: Bamako Crosses the Red Line with a Serious Misstep],\u201d TSA, January 2, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tsa-algerie.com\/algerie-mali-bamako-franchit-la-ligne-rouge-avec-un-grave-derapage\/\">https:\/\/www.tsa-algerie.com\/algerie-mali-bamako-franchit-la-ligne-rouge-avec-un-grave-derapage\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> Aksil Ouali, \u201cAlg\u00e9rie-Mali : le ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res convoque l\u2019ambassadeur malien \u00e0 Alger [Algeria-Mali: The Foreign Minister summons the Malian ambassador to Algiers],\u201d Andalou Ajansi, December 12, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/fr\/afrique\/alg%25C3%25A9rie-mali-le-ministre-des-affaires-%25C3%25A9trang%25C3%25A8res-convoque-lambassadeur-malien-%25C3%25A0-alger\/3089350\">https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/fr\/afrique\/alg\u00e9rie-mali-le-ministre-des-affaires-\u00e9trang\u00e8res-convoque-lambassadeur-malien-\u00e0-alger\/3089350<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> \u201cAlgeria Calls on UN Security Council to Act in Mali, Genocide Watch,\u201d Genocide Watch, accessed June 2, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.genocidewatch.com\/single-post\/algeria-calls-on-un-security-council-to-act-in-mali\">https:\/\/www.genocidewatch.com\/single-post\/algeria-calls-on-un-security-council-to-act-in-mali<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> Lotfi Sour, \u201cAlgeria\u2019s Role in the African Sahel: Toward a New Security Paradigm,\u201d <em>International Journal of Euro-Mediterranean Studies<\/em>, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 155-177, <a href=\"https:\/\/emuni.si\/ISSN\/2232-6022\/15.155-177.pdf\">https:\/\/emuni.si\/ISSN\/2232-6022\/15.155-177.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup> \u201cLamamra: le destin de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie et celui du Mali sont \u2018\u00e9troitement li\u00e9s\u2019[Lamamra: the destiny of Algeria and that of Mali are &#8220;closely linked&#8221;],\u201d <em>Algerie Presse Service (APS)<\/em>, October 6, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aps.dz\/algerie\/128447-lamamra-le-destin-de-l-algerie-est-celui-du-mali-sont-etroitement-lies\">https:\/\/www.aps.dz\/algerie\/128447-lamamra-le-destin-de-l-algerie-est-celui-du-mali-sont-etroitement-lies<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">12 <\/sup> Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC), \u201cAlgeria \/ Mali,\u201d accessed May 1, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/oec.world\/en\/profile\/bilateral-country\/dza\/partner\/mli\">https:\/\/oec.world\/en\/profile\/bilateral-country\/dza\/partner\/mli<\/a>. Data on Algerian-Malian trade are not always reliable, especially since there is a significant volume of informal trade across their shared border. For instance, in 2011, the informal sector reached $150 million (see: Sami Bensassi, Anne Brockmeyer, Matthieu Pellerin, and Ga\u00ebl Raballand, \u201cCommerce Alg\u00e9rie-Mali: La Normalit\u00e9 de l\u2019Informalit\u00e9 [Algeria\u2013Mali Trade: The Normality of Informality],\u201d World Bank, 2015, p. 16,<\/h6>\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/ba4c7c56-9315-5c2a-b7f5-f42ef12014c3\/content\">https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/ba4c7c56-9315-5c2a-b7f5-f42ef12014c3\/content<\/a>. Although rather old, this study remains a good reference to understand the nature of the trade, both formal and informal, between the two countries).<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629:<\/h6>\n<h6>\u00a0Khaly-Moustapha Leye, \u201cM\u00e9diation alg\u00e9rienne dans la crise malienne : Des faux accords aux d\u00e9saccords reels [Algerian Mediation in the Malian Crisis: From False Agreements to Real Disagreements&#8230;],\u201d Bamada.net, August 26, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/bamada.net\/mediation-algerienne-dans-la-crise-malienne-des-faux-accords-aux-desaccords-reels\">https:\/\/bamada.net\/mediation-algerienne-dans-la-crise-malienne-des-faux-accords-aux-desaccords-reels<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> Bah Traor\u00e9, \u201cMali-Alg\u00e9rie, une longue histoire d\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 et de m\u00e9fiance [Mali-Algeria, a long history of ambiguity and distrust],\u201d Afrique XXI, March 25, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/afriquexxi.info\/Mali-Algerie-une-longue-histoire-d-ambiguite-et-de-mefiance\">https:\/\/afriquexxi.info\/Mali-Algerie-une-longue-histoire-d-ambiguite-et-de-mefiance<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup> \u201cMali announces immediate termination of key Algerian accord amidst growing tensions,\u201d <em>Africa News<\/em>, January 26, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2024\/01\/26\/mali-announces-immediate-termination-of-key-algerian-accord-amidst-growing\">https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2024\/01\/26\/mali-announces-immediate-termination-of-key-algerian-accord-amidst-growing<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> United Nations, Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup> Nourredine Ayadi, <em>Kidal Vaut Bien Une Guerre: L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie et la France au Mali et au Sahel. <\/em><em>Influence vs Puissance <\/em>[Kidal is Worth a War: Algeria and France in Mali and the Sahel. Influence vs Power] (Algiers: Editions El Qobia, 2024), pp. 297-298.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup> &#8220;Mali hails Algeria&#8217;s key role in its stability,\u201d <em>Xinhua<\/em>, January 14, 2018, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2018-01\/14\/c_136893648.htm\">http:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2018-01\/14\/c_136893648.htm<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup> Soumeylou Boub\u00e8ye Ma\u00efga (former prime minister), interview by author, Algiers, Algeria, January 2016.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup> National security officials, interview by author, Algiers, Algeria, 2016 and 2017.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup> Yahia H. Zoubir and Abdelkader Abderrahmane, \u201cAlger au Sahel : Stabilit\u00e9 et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 [Algiers in the Sahel: Stability and Security],\u201d <em>Politique \u00c9trang\u00e8re<\/em>, no. 2 (June 2022): 128, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.revues.armand-colin.com\/eco-sc-politique\/politique-etrangere\/politique-etrangere-ndeg-22022\/alger-au-sahel-stabilite-securite\">https:\/\/www.revues.armand-colin.com\/eco-sc-politique\/politique-etrangere\/politique-etrangere-ndeg-22022\/alger-au-sahel-stabilite-securite<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup> Virginie Baudais, Amal Bourhrous, and Dylan O\u2019Driscoll, <em>Conflict Mediation and Peacebuilding in the Sahel<\/em>, Policy Paper, (Stockholm, Sweden: SIPRI, January 2021), 35, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-01\/sipripp58_3.pdf\">https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-01\/sipripp58_3.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup> Gaudence Nyirabikali, \u201cThe Mali peace process and the 2015 peace agreement,\u201d in \u201cThe Implementation of the Peace Process in Mali,\u201d <em>SIPRI Yearbook 2016<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/SIPRIYB16c05sIII.pdf\">https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/sites\/default\/files\/SIPRIYB16c05sIII.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup> Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup> Ayadi, <em>Kidal Vaut Bien Une Guerre<\/em>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup> \u201cMali: UN Security Council Calls For Resumption of Dialogue in Bamako to Implement Algiers Agreement,\u201d <em>West Africa Democracy Radio<\/em>, January 9, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/wadr.org\/mali-un-security-council-calls-for-resumption-of-dialogue-in-bamako-to-implement-algiers-agreement\/\">https:\/\/wadr.org\/mali-un-security-council-calls-for-resumption-of-dialogue-in-bamako-to-implement-algiers-agreement\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup> \u201cMali Independent Observer: Little Progress in Implementing Peace Agreement in 2020, but Transition Offers New Opportunity,\u201d <em>The Carter Center<\/em>, December 16, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cartercenter.org\/news\/pr\/2020\/mali-121620.html\">https:\/\/www.cartercenter.org\/news\/pr\/2020\/mali-121620.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup> \u201cMali\u2019s Algiers Peace Agreement, Five Years On: An Uneasy Calm,\u201d International Crisis Group, June 24, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/africa\/sahel\/mali\/laccord-dalger-cinq-ans-apres-un-calme-precaire-dont-il-ne-faut-pas-se-satisfaire\">https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/africa\/sahel\/mali\/laccord-dalger-cinq-ans-apres-un-calme-precaire-dont-il-ne-faut-pas-se-satisfaire<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup> OEC, \u201cAlgeria\/Mali.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote30\">30 <\/sup> \u201cL\u2019Alg\u00e9rie projette de cr\u00e9er une zone franche avec la Mauritanie, la Tunisie, la Libye, le Mali et le Niger [Algeria plans to create a free trade zone with Mauritania, Tunisia, Libya, Mali, and Niger],\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6>February 15, 2024, <em>Agence Ecofin<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/transports\/1402-116188-l-algerie-envisage-de-creer-une-zone-franche-avec-la-mauritanie-la-tunisie-la-libye-le-mali-et-le-niger\">https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/transports\/1402-116188-l-algerie-envisage-de-creer-une-zone-franche-avec-la-mauritanie-la-tunisie-la-libye-le-mali-et-le-niger<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote31\">31 <\/sup>Dalila Hanache, \u201cPresident Tebboune: Algeria to Create Free Trade Zones With 5 African Countries in 2024,\u201d Echoroukonline, February 24, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.echoroukonline.com\/president-tebboune-algeria-to-create-free-trade-zones-with-5-african-countries-in-2024\">https:\/\/www.echoroukonline.com\/president-tebboune-algeria-to-create-free-trade-zones-with-5-african-countries-in-2024<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote32\">32 <\/sup> Mustafa Dala, \u201cQue vise l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie avec son aide au d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un milliard de dollars \u00e0 l\u2019Afrique? [What is Algeria aiming for with its $1 billion development aid to Africa<em>?<\/em>]\u201d Anadolu Ajansi, March 3, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/fr\/afrique\/que-vise-lalg%25C3%25A9rie-avec-son-aide-au-d%25C3%25A9veloppement-dun-milliard-de-dollars-%25C3%25A0-lafrique-\/2836180\">https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/fr\/afrique\/que-vise-lalg\u00e9rie-avec-son-aide-au-d\u00e9veloppement-dun-milliard-de-dollars-\u00e0-lafrique-\/2836180<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote33\">33 <\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u200d\u0640&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621&#8221;.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote34\">34 <\/sup> United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, <em>The Trans-Saharan Road Corridor. Towards an Economic Corridor: Commercializing and Managing the Trans-Saharan Road<\/em>, (Geneva, Switzerland: UNCTAD, 2022),14, <a href=\"https:\/\/unctad.org\/system\/files\/official-document\/tcsdtlinf2022d2_en.pdf\">https:\/\/unctad.org\/system\/files\/official-document\/tcsdtlinf2022d2_en.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote35\">35 <\/sup> Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote36\">36 <\/sup> Bah Traor\u00e9, \u201cMali-Alg\u00e9rie, une longue histoire d\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 et de m\u00e9fiance [Mali-Algeria: A Long History of Ambiguity and Mistrust],\u201d Afrique XXI, March 25, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/afriquexxi.info\/Mali-Algerie-une-longue-histoire-d-ambiguite-et-de-mefiance\">https:\/\/afriquexxi.info\/Mali-Algerie-une-longue-histoire-d-ambiguite-et-de-mefiance<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote37\">37 <\/sup> Jean-Pierre Filiu, \u201cLa strat\u00e9gie s\u00e9paratiste des Emirats arabes unis [The separatist strategy of the United Arab Emirates],\u201dLe Monde, May 11, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/un-si-proche-orient\/article\/2025\/05\/11\/la-strategie-separatiste-des-emirats-arabes-unis_6604934_6116995.html\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/un-si-proche-orient\/article\/2025\/05\/11\/la-strategie-separatiste-des-emirats-arabes-unis_6604934_6116995.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote38\">38 <\/sup> \u201cLe groupe Wagner est \u2018une menace pour l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie [The Wagner Group is &#8220;a threat to Algeria\u201d],\u201d <em>Le Matin d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie<\/em>, September 2, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/lematindalgerie.com\/le-groupe-wagner-est-une-menace-pour-lalgerie\/\">https:\/\/lematindalgerie.com\/le-groupe-wagner-est-une-menace-pour-lalgerie\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote39\">39 <\/sup> Geoff D. Porter, \u201cTerrorist Outbidding: The In Amenas Attack<em>\u201d, <\/em>CTC Sentinel, May 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/ctc.westpoint.edu\/terrorist-outbidding-the-in-amenas-attack\/\">https:\/\/ctc.westpoint.edu\/terrorist-outbidding-the-in-amenas-attack\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote40\">40 <\/sup> \u201cViolent Extremism in the Sahel,\u201d Council on Foreign Relations, accessed June 2, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/global-conflict-tracker\/conflict\/violent-extremism-sahel\">https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/global-conflict-tracker\/conflict\/violent-extremism-sahel<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote41\">41 <\/sup> \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648\u060c \u0643\u0648\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote42\">42 <\/sup> International Crisis Group, <em>Algeria and Its Neighbours<\/em>, Middle East and North Africa Report (Brussels, Belgium: International Crisis Group, October 2015), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/middle-east-north-africa\/north-africa\/algeria\/algeria-and-its-neighbours\">https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/middle-east-north-africa\/north-africa\/algeria\/algeria-and-its-neighbours<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote43\">43 <\/sup> \u201cDecision on the Report on the Activities of the Peace and Security Council (PSC) and the State of Peace and Security in Africa,\u201d Data for Governance Alliance, accessed June 2, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/africanlii.org\/akn\/aa-au\/statement\/decision\/au-assembly\/2022\/815\/eng@2022-02-06\">https:\/\/africanlii.org\/akn\/aa-au\/statement\/decision\/au-assembly\/2022\/815\/eng@2022-02-06<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote44\">44 <\/sup> \u201cJoint A-3 Plus Statement on the Situation in Western Africa and the Sahel,\u201dAfrican Union, January 11, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africanunion-un.org\/post\/joint-a-3-plus-statement-on-the-situation-in-western-africa-and-the-sahel\">https:\/\/www.africanunion-un.org\/post\/joint-a-3-plus-statement-on-the-situation-in-western-africa-and-the-sahel<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote45\">45 <\/sup> Mohammed Jaabouk, \u201cMali\u2019s military reacts to Akinci drone downing in Sahel,\u201d Yabiladi, April 3, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.yabiladi.com\/articles\/details\/163086\/mali-s-military-reacts-akinci-drone.html\">https:\/\/en.yabiladi.com\/articles\/details\/163086\/mali-s-military-reacts-akinci-drone.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote46\">46 <\/sup> \u201cAlgerian army kills 2 foreign militants near Mali-Niger border,\u201d <em>Xinhua<\/em>, March 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/english.news.cn\/20250322\/0c70b118ef16441399d2b6dcd6fd64f8\/c.html\">https:\/\/english.news.cn\/20250322\/0c70b118ef16441399d2b6dcd6fd64f8\/c.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote47\">47 <\/sup> \u201cAlgerian Army Downs Turkish-Made Drone Near Border, Mali Claims Ownership,\u201d <em>Watan News<\/em>, April 2, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.watanserb.com\/en\/2025\/04\/02\/algerian-army-downs-turkish-made-drone-near-border-mali-claims-ownership\/\">https:\/\/www.watanserb.com\/en\/2025\/04\/02\/algerian-army-downs-turkish-made-drone-near-border-mali-claims-ownership\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote48\">48 <\/sup> \u201cLe Mali, le Niger et le Burkina Faso rappellent leurs ambassadeurs en Alg\u00e9rie apr\u00e8s un incident avec un drone [Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso recall their ambassadors from Algeria after a drone incident],\u201d <em>Le Monde<\/em>, April 7, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2025\/04\/07\/le-mali-le-niger-et-le-burkina-faso-rappellent-leurs-ambassadeurs-en-algerie-apres-un-incident-de-drone_6592160_3212.html\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2025\/04\/07\/le-mali-le-niger-et-le-burkina-faso-rappellent-leurs-ambassadeurs-en-algerie-apres-un-incident-de-drone_6592160_3212.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote49\">49 <\/sup> Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, \u201cCommuniqu\u00e9 de presse du Minist\u00e8re des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res &#8211; Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration des Etats du Sahel 07\/04\/2025 [Press Release from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs \u2013 Confederation of Sahel States],\u201d April 7, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mfa.gov.dz\/fr\/announcements\/statement-of-the-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-confederation-of-sahel-states-07042025\">https:\/\/www.mfa.gov.dz\/fr\/announcements\/statement-of-the-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-confederation-of-sahel-states-07042025<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote50\">50 <\/sup> \u201cLes \u00c9tats membres de l\u2019AES rappellent leurs ambassadeurs en Alg\u00e9rie [The member states of the AES recall their ambassadors from Algeria],\u201d <em>RFI<\/em>, April 7, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20250407-les-%2525C3%2525A9tats-membres-de-l-aes-rappellent-leurs-ambassadeurs-en-alg%2525C3%2525A9rie\">https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20250407-les-%C3%A9tats-membres-de-l-aes-rappellent-leurs-ambassadeurs-en-alg%C3%A9rie<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote51\">51 <\/sup> Algerian official (anonymous), interview by author (by phone), April, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote52\">52 <\/sup> Zakaria S, \u201cDrone abattu : l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie r\u00e9pond fermement et r\u00e9fute les accusations du Mali [Downed drone: Algeria responds firmly and refutes Mali&#8217;s accusations],\u201d Algerie360, April 7, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.algerie360.com\/drone-abattue-lalgerie-repond-fermement-et-refute-les-accusations-du-mali\/\">https:\/\/www.algerie360.com\/drone-abattue-lalgerie-repond-fermement-et-refute-les-accusations-du-mali\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote53\">53 <\/sup> Caroline Rose and Tammy Palacios, \u201cFrench Withdrawal and the Security Landscape of the Sahel: Podcast\u201d New Lines Institute, March 12, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/newlinesinstitute.org\/state-resilience-fragility\/french-withdrawal-and-the-security-landscape-of-the-sahel\/\">https:\/\/newlinesinstitute.org\/state-resilience-fragility\/french-withdrawal-and-the-security-landscape-of-the-sahel\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote54\">54 <\/sup> Mantia Tour\u00e9, \u201cNouveau Chapitre pour les Relations Mali-Alg\u00e9rie : L\u2019Ambassadeur Alg\u00e9rien Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 Bamako [New Chapter for Mali-Algeria Relations: The Algerian Ambassador Presented in Bamako],\u201d September 14, 2024, Mali Actu, <a href=\"https:\/\/maliactu.net\/nouveau-chapitre-pour-les-relations-mali-algerie-lambassadeur-algerien-presente-a-bamako\/\">https:\/\/maliactu.net\/nouveau-chapitre-pour-les-relations-mali-algerie-lambassadeur-algerien-presente-a-bamako\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote55\">55 <\/sup> El Houari Dilmi, \u201cAlg\u00e9rie, Niger et Nigeria: Prochaine r\u00e9union sur le projet du gazoduc transsaharien [Algeria, Niger, and Nigeria: Upcoming meeting on the Trans-Saharan gas pipeline project],\u201d Le Quotidien d\u2019Oran, October 1, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lequotidien-oran.com\/index.php?news=5332729\">https:\/\/www.lequotidien-oran.com\/index.php?news=5332729<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote56\">56 <\/sup> Helene Sourou, \u201cAlg\u00e9rie-Niger : Stabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale au c\u0153ur des \u00e9changes [Algeria-Niger: Regional stability at the heart of discussions],\u201d Journal du Niger, August 12, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalduniger.com\/algerie-niger-stabilite-regionale-au-coeur-des-echanges\/\">https:\/\/www.journalduniger.com\/algerie-niger-stabilite-regionale-au-coeur-des-echanges\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote57\">57 <\/sup> \u201cAlgeria-Mali: Defusing a Dangerous Escalation,\u201d International Crisis Group, April 18, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/africa\/sahel\/mali-algeria\/algerie-mali-desamorcer-une-dangereuse-escalade\">https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/africa\/sahel\/mali-algeria\/algerie-mali-desamorcer-une-dangereuse-escalade<\/a>.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 1374 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":475461,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[],"programs":[],"publication_type":[90],"class_list":["post-475456","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","publication_type-90","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/475456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/475461"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=475456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=475456"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=475456"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=475456"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=475456"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=475456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}