{"id":475412,"date":"2025-06-25T07:30:25","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T07:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=475412"},"modified":"2025-07-09T07:28:45","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T07:28:45","slug":"%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ad%d9%91%d8%af-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ad%d9%91%d8%af-%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 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\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0641\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h6><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup> \u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 24 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/aja.ws\/01wlqb\">https:\/\/aja.ws\/01wlqb<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup> \u00a0Haid Haid, \u201cSyria\u2019s sectarian violence is a ticking time bomb,\u201d <em>Al-Majalla<\/em>, May 3, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.majalla.com\/node\/325422\/politics\/syrias-sectarian-violence-ticking-time-bomb\">https:\/\/en.majalla.com\/node\/325422\/politics\/syrias-sectarian-violence-ticking-time-bomb<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> \u00a0Syrian researcher, interview by author, Damascus, Syria, February 4, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642&#8221;<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> Jaidaa Taha and Menna AlaaElDin, \u201cSyria\u2019s interim president signs deal with Kurdish-led SDF to merge forces,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, March 11, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/shorturl.at\/VTqMD\">https:\/\/shorturl.at\/VTqMD<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> \u00a0&#8220;\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u0631\u0629.. \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 31 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/4mJmrrE\u061b\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/4mJmrrE\u061b<\/a> &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 11 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025 <a href=\"https:\/\/shorturl.at\/CdxKR\">https:\/\/shorturl.at\/CdxKR<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u060c &#8221; \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644..\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c 19 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025 <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3T5QOLm\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3T5QOLm<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> \u00a0Syrian military commander (Major), interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 12, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> Syrian military commnader, interview<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0632\u060c &#8220;\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 .. \u0642\u0633\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 22 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/ara.tv\/gazvu\">https:\/\/ara.tv\/gazvu<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup> Defected military officer (Colonel), interview by author, Damascus, Syria, February 5, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup> \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0632\u0642\u0632\u0648\u0642\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 30 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/aja.ws\/3yu7c3\">https:\/\/aja.ws\/3yu7c3<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> Military commander (Captain), interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 14, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> Defected military officer (Colonel), interview by author, Damascus, Syria, February 5, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8230; \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c 10 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/edgs.co\/b2idu\">https:\/\/edgs.co\/b2idu<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> Military commander (Major), interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 12, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup> \u00a0Military commander (Major), interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 12, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup> Syrian researcher, Damascus, interview by author, Syria, April 14, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup> Military commander (Captain), interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 14, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup> \u00a0Military commander (Major), interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 12, 2025<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup> Syrian researcher, interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 13, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup> \u00a0\u201cEU lifts economic sanctions on Syria, following US move last week,\u201d <em>Al Jazeera<\/em>, May 20, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/aje.io\/so4het\">https:\/\/aje.io\/so4het<\/a>; Syrian researcher, interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 13, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup> Haid Haid, \u201cUnity or conflict: Where are fragile HTS-SDF talks headed?,\u201d <em>Al-Majalla<\/em>, February 3, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/rb.gy\/xls2gt\">https:\/\/rb.gy\/xls2gt<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup> Haid, \u201cUnity or Conflict.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup> Military commander (Captain), interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 14, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup> Syrian researcher, interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 13, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup> \u0632\u0642\u0632\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637\u061b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0642\u0631\u0627\u201d \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a: \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0637\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f!&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651\u060c 13 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/7al.net\/?p=370953\">https:\/\/7al.net\/?p=370953<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup> Haid, \u201cUnity or conflict.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup> Military commander (Captain), interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 14, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote30\">30 <\/sup> Rob Geist Pinfold, \u201cWhy is Israel Escalating its Strikes Against Syria?\u201d <em>RUSI<\/em>, May 9, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/rb.gy\/3sccf7\">https:\/\/rb.gy\/3sccf7<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote31\">31 <\/sup> Syrian researcher, interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 14, 2025.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote32\">32 <\/sup> Syrian researcher, interview.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote33\">33 <\/sup> Syrian researcher, interview by author, Damascus, Syria, April 13, 2025.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 13 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":475418,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[113],"programs":[],"publication_type":[91],"class_list":["post-475412","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-113","publication_type-91","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/475412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/475418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=475412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=475412"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=475412"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=475412"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=475412"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=475412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}