{"id":475144,"date":"2025-05-30T10:54:16","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T10:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=475144"},"modified":"2025-07-06T12:35:46","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T12:35:46","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%85%d9%88-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b6%d8%b1-%d8%b1%d8%a4%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%85%d9%88-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b6%d8%b1-%d8%b1%d8%a4%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631:  \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 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\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064d \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 . \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/23459299\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/23459299\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/strong><strong>Our World in Data<\/strong><strong>\u060c \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u06452024 .<\/strong><strong><a href=\"#endnote1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1963\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 120 \u0637\u0646\u0651\u0627\u064b. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 115 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 0,31 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 2 \u06483).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/23460351\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/23460351\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/strong><strong>Our World in Data<\/strong><strong>\u060c\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u06452024 .<a href=\"#endnote2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/23460561\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/23460561\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n<h6><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/strong><strong>Our World in Data<\/strong><strong>\u060c \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u06452024 .<a href=\"#endnote3\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c 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justify;\">\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (QEERI) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f\u0651 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(\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 4)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/23460785\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/23460785\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/strong>Our World in Data\u060c \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u06452024 .<strong><a href=\"#endnote9\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (GGFR) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<a href=\"#endnote10\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (QE) \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 &#8220;\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030&#8221;. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 75 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote11\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 0,02 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u06452025 .<a href=\"#endnote12\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a> \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 87 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 0,8 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 5). \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 85 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 77 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 142 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/23460898\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/23460898\/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" \/><\/noscript><\/div>\n<h6><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/strong><strong>Our World in Data<\/strong><strong>\u060c<\/strong><strong> \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a <\/strong><strong>Jones et al.<\/strong><strong> (2024).<a href=\"#endnote13\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 (CDM) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a (UNFCCC)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<a href=\"#endnote14\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a> \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221; (Additionality) \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b 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\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0643) \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 500 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644.<a href=\"#endnote16\"><sup>16<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 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style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/242;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 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2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions\">https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser, &#8220;Qatar: CO2 Country Profile.&#8221;<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup> Sanaullah Ataullah, &#8220;Solar Power to Produce 30 Percent of Total Electricity by 2030,&#8221; <em>The Peninsula<\/em>, September 2, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/02\/09\/2023\/solar-power-to-produce-30-of-total-electricity-by-2030\">https:\/\/thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/02\/09\/2023\/solar-power-to-produce-30-of-total-electricity-by-2030<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> &#8220;Minister of Environment: Qatar Launched Many Projects and Initiatives to Minimize Impact of Climate Change,&#8221; <em>Qatar News Agency<\/em>, December 12, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/qna.org.qa\/en\/news\/news-details?id=0033-minister-of-environment-qatar-launched-many-projects-and-initiatives-to-minimize-impact-of-climate-change&amp;date=12\/12\/2023\">https:\/\/qna.org.qa\/en\/news\/news-details?id=0033-minister-of-environment-qatar-launched-many-projects-and-initiatives-to-minimize-impact-of-climate-change&amp;date=12\/12\/2023<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> Simone Foxman, &#8220;Qatar Criticizes Nations for Making Vague Net-Zero Pledges,&#8221; <em>Bloomberg<\/em>, October 11, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-10-11\/qatar-criticizes-nations-making-net-zero-pledges-without-a-plan\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-10-11\/qatar-criticizes-nations-making-net-zero-pledges-without-a-plan<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup>&#8220;Qatar Science and Technology Park,&#8221; Accessed December 5, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/qstp.org.qa\/\">https:\/\/qstp.org.qa\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> Oluwasegun Cornelious Omobolanle and Sunday Ikiensikimama, &#8220;Gas Flaring: Technicalities, Challenges, and the Economic Potentials,&#8221; <em>Environmental Science and Pollution Research<\/em> 31, (June 2024), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-024-33784-y\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-024-33784-y<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup>Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser, &#8220;Qatar: CO2 Country Profile.&#8221;<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> &#8220;Qatar Joins World Bank\u2019s Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership,&#8221; Press release, Sustainable Development Goals Knowledge Hub, January 27, 2009, <a href=\"https:\/\/sdg.iisd.org\/news\/qatar-joins-world-banks-global-gas-flaring-reduction-partnership\/\">https:\/\/sdg.iisd.org\/news\/qatar-joins-world-banks-global-gas-flaring-reduction-partnership\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup>&#8220;QP Joins WB in Global Fight Against Routine Flaring,&#8221; <em>Gulf Times,<\/em> March 17, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gulf-times.com\/story\/686881\/QP-joins-WB-in-global-fight-against-routine-flaring\">https:\/\/www.gulf-times.com\/story\/686881\/QP-joins-WB-in-global-fight-against-routine-flaring<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup> &#8220;QP Joins WB in Global Fight Against Routine Flaring.&#8221;<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser, &#8220;Qatar: CO2 Country Profile;&#8221; Matthew W. Jones, Glen P. Peters, Thomas Gasser, Robbie M. Andrew, Clemens Schwingshackl, Johannes G\u00fctschow, Richard A. Houghton, Pierre Friedlingstein, Julia Pongratz and Corinne Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9, \u201cNational contributions to climate change due to historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide since 1850,\u201d<em>Sci Data <\/em>10, 155 (2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-023-02041-1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-023-02041-1<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> Salman Zafar, &#8220;CDM Projects in MENA Region,&#8221; <em>EcoMENA<\/em>, July 27, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecomena.org\/cdm-projects-mena\/\">https:\/\/www.ecomena.org\/cdm-projects-mena\/<\/a>; <em>\u201cClean Development Mechanism \u2013 Grim Future (COP18 Analysis),\u201d Cabron Market Watch <\/em>December 21, 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/carbonmarketwatch.org\/2012\/12\/21\/clean-development-mechanism-grim-future-cop18-analysis\/\">https:\/\/carbonmarketwatch.org\/2012\/12\/21\/clean-development-mechanism-grim-future-cop18-analysis\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup> &#8220;Jetty Boil-off Gas Recovery (JBOG) Project,&#8221; <em>Offshore Technology<\/em>, May 6, 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.offshore-technology.com\/projects\/jetty-boil-off-gas-recovery-jbog-project\/\">https:\/\/www.offshore-technology.com\/projects\/jetty-boil-off-gas-recovery-jbog-project\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> &#8220;Carbon Dioxide Recovery (CDR) Plant,&#8221; Qatar Fuel Additives Company Limited (QAFAC), accessed February 12, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/qafac.com.qa\/carbon-recovery-plant\/1000\">https:\/\/qafac.com.qa\/carbon-recovery-plant\/1000<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup> &#8220;Kahramaa Reduces 8.5 M Tonnes of Carbon Emissions,&#8221; <em>The Peninsula<\/em>, November 1, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/01\/11\/2017\/Kahramaa-reduces-8.5m-tonnes-of-carbon-emissions\">https:\/\/thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/01\/11\/2017\/Kahramaa-reduces-8.5m-tonnes-of-carbon-emissions<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup> Elias Al Helou, &#8220;Qatar\u2019s Energy Efficiency Program Saved $1.1bn in 2021,&#8221; <em>Middle East Economy<\/em>, July 4, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/economymiddleeast.com\/news\/qatars-energy-efficiency-program-saved-1-1-bn-in-2021\/\">https:\/\/economymiddleeast.com\/news\/qatars-energy-efficiency-program-saved-1-1-bn-in-2021\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup> &#8220;Qatar\u2019s Energy Efficiency Program Saved $1.1bn in 2021.&#8221;<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup> Qatar General Secretariat for Development Planning, <em>Qatar National Development Strategy 2011\u20132016: Summary of Programmes, (Doha, Qatar: National Planning Council, 2011), 224, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npc.qa\/en\/planning\/Documents\/nds1\/NDS_EN_0.pdf\">https:\/\/www.npc.qa\/en\/planning\/Documents\/nds1\/NDS_EN_0.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup> \u201c<em>Law No. 4 of 1981 on the Establishment of the Standing Committee for Environmental Protection<\/em><em>,<\/em>\u201d Al Meezan, accessed February 12, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.almeezan.qa\/LawPage.aspx?id=323&amp;language=en\">https:\/\/www.almeezan.qa\/LawPage.aspx?id=323&amp;language=en<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup> \u201c<em>Law No. 30 of 2002 Promulgating the Law of the Environment Protection,\u201d<\/em>,<strong> Al Meezan,<\/strong> accessed February 12, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.almeezan.qa\/LawPage.aspx?id=4114&amp;language=en\">https:\/\/www.almeezan.qa\/LawPage.aspx?id=4114&amp;language=en<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup> Sayeed Mohammed, <em>Qatar\u2019s National Emission Inventory Report: Emission Inventories 1995-2015,<\/em> <em>(Doha, Qatar: Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar Foundation\/Hamad Bin Khalifa University 2016), <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Sayeed-Mohammed-3\/publication\/323545226_Qatar's_National_Emission_Inventory_Report\/links\/5a9b7efd45851586a2ac375b\/Qatars-National-Emission-Inventory-Report.pdf\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Sayeed-Mohammed-3\/publication\/323545226_Qatar&#8217;s_National_Emission_Inventory_Report\/links\/5a9b7efd45851586a2ac375b\/Qatars-National-Emission-Inventory-Report.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup> Damilola S. Olawuyi and Elena I. Athwal, &#8220;Law and Governance Innovations on Sustainability in Qatar: Current Approaches and Future Directions,&#8221; in <em>Sustainable Qatar: Social, Political and Environmental Perspectives<\/em>, eds. Logan Cochrane, and Reem Al-Hababi (Singapore: Springer, 2023), 37-54, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-19-7398-7_3\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-19-7398-7_3<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup> Sayeed Mohammed, <em>Qatar\u2019s National Emission Inventory Report.<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup>Babak Mohammadzadeh, &#8220;Status and Foreign Policy Change in Small States: Qatar\u2019s Emergence in Perspective.&#8221; <em>The International Spectator<\/em> 52, no. 2 (2017): 19\u201336, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03932729.2017.1298886\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03932729.2017.1298886<\/a>.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a 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