{"id":473249,"date":"2024-12-11T08:52:26","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T08:52:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=473249"},"modified":"2024-12-16T14:55:36","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T14:55:36","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%ac-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ab%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%ac-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ab%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 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\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 (AfCFTA) \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2021\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 1,7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 6,7 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030.<a href=\"#endnote52\"><sup>52<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote53\"><sup>53<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0636\u062e\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 59,4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 25,6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 7,2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<a href=\"#endnote54\"><sup>54<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 2017 \u06482021 (\u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"508\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"106\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"106\">\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$2,494,700.54<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$4,052,361.81<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$129,985.92<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"106\">\u0625\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$24,786.61<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$1,308,260.43<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$328.65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"106\">\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$1,371,497.24<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$4,744,679.10<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$47,420.41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"106\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$585,404.92<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$6,397,363.60<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$38,856.10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"106\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$5,759,145.25<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$15,001,068.19<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$370,072.41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"106\">\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$7,192.13<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">$1,149,511.35<\/td>\n<td width=\"134\">\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/\"><strong>https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h6>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u060c \u062e\u0641\u0651\u0636\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote55\"><sup>55<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645\u0627.<a href=\"#endnote56\"><sup>56<\/sup><\/a> \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote57\"><sup>57<\/sup><\/a> \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h6>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup> \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup> Djibouti welcomes Saudi Arabia plan to build a military base,\u201d <em>Middle East Monitor<\/em>, November 28, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20171128-djibouti-welcomes-saudi-arabia-plan-to-build-a-military-base\/\">https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20171128-djibouti-welcomes-saudi-arabia-plan-to-build-a-military-base\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> \u201cSaudi Arabia is latest nation to build military base in Djibouti,\u201d <em>CGTN<\/em>, June 15, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/africa.cgtn.com\/saudi-arabia-is-latest-nation-to-build-military-base-in-djibouti\/\">https:\/\/africa.cgtn.com\/saudi-arabia-is-latest-nation-to-build-military-base-in-djibouti\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup> \u201cDjibouti committed to working with Saudi Arabia on Red Sea maritime security, fighting terrorism: president,\u201d <em>Arab News<\/em>, February 12, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2458566\/saudi-arabia\">https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2458566\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> Andrew Hammond, \u201cSaudi Arabia to set up logistics centre in Djibouti,\u201d Arabian Gulf Business Insight, June 6, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agbi.com\/trade\/2024\/06\/saudi-arabia-to-set-up-logistics-centre-in-djibouti\/\">https:\/\/www.agbi.com\/trade\/2024\/06\/saudi-arabia-to-set-up-logistics-centre-in-djibouti\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> H\u00e9la Miniaoui, \u201cEconomic Drivers of the GCC Investments in the Horn of Africa Region,\u201d <em>Gulf Insights<\/em>, Qatar University, December 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/qspace.qu.edu.qa\/bitstream\/handle\/10576\/16986\/Gulf%20Insights%2012-Dec%202019.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\">https:\/\/qspace.qu.edu.qa\/bitstream\/handle\/10576\/16986\/Gulf%20Insights%2012-Dec%202019.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup> Kouassi Yeboua and Jakkie Cilliers, <em>Development Prospects for the Horn of Africa Countries to 2040<\/em>, Special Report, (Pretoria, South Africa: Institute for Security Studies (ISS) Africa, June 7, 2023), 20, <a href=\"https:\/\/futures.issafrica.org\/special-reports\/region\/horn-of-africa\/\">https:\/\/futures.issafrica.org\/special-reports\/region\/horn-of-africa\/<\/a><u>. <\/u><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> Alex de Waal, <em>Horn of Africa and Red Sea Synthesis Paper<\/em>, Synthesis Paper, (London, United Kingdom: the London School of Economics and Political Science, November 2017), 3, <a href=\"https:\/\/eprints.lse.ac.uk\/100160\/4\/De_Waal_horn_of_africa_and_red_sea_synthesis_paper_published.pdf\">https:\/\/eprints.lse.ac.uk\/100160\/4\/De_Waal_horn_of_africa_and_red_sea_synthesis_paper_published.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> Benjamin Aug\u00e9, <em>Saudi Arabia\u2019s Policy in Africa: Vectors and Objectives<\/em>, \u00c9ditoriaux de l\u2019Ifri: L\u2018Afrique en questions, (Paris, France: French Institute of International Relations, February 6, 2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifri.org\/en\/editorials\/saudi-arabias-policy-africa-vectors-and-objectives\">https:\/\/www.ifri.org\/en\/editorials\/saudi-arabias-policy-africa-vectors-and-objectives<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> Federico Donelli, \u201cDeterminants of Middle East states involvement in the Horn of Africa,\u201d POMEPS, <a href=\"https:\/\/pomeps.org\/determinants-of-middle-east-states-involvement-in-the-horn-of-africa\">https:\/\/pomeps.org\/determinants-of-middle-east-states-involvement-in-the-horn-of-africa<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup> Federico Donelli, \u201cDeterminants of Middle East states involvement in the Horn of Africa,\u201d POMEPS, <a href=\"https:\/\/pomeps.org\/determinants-of-middle-east-states-involvement-in-the-horn-of-africa\">https:\/\/pomeps.org\/determinants-of-middle-east-states-involvement-in-the-horn-of-africa<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup> Waleed Hazbun, \u201cRegional Powers and the Production of Insecurity in the Middle East,\u201d <em>Middle East and North Africa Regional Architecture\u00a0(MENARA)<\/em>, September 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iai.it\/sites\/default\/files\/menara_wp_11.pdf\">https:\/\/www.iai.it\/sites\/default\/files\/menara_wp_11.pdf<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> Mercy Kuo, \u201cThe \u2018Lost Decade\u2019 of the US Pivot to Asia,\u201d <em>The Diplomat<\/em>, March 18, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2024\/03\/the-lost-decade-of-the-us-pivot-to-asia\/\">https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2024\/03\/the-lost-decade-of-the-us-pivot-to-asia\/<\/a>; Sarah Leah Whitson, \u201cA US Pivot Away from the Middle East: Fact or Fiction?\u201d <em>DAWN<\/em>, January 24, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/dawnmena.org\/a-us-pivot-away-from-the-middle-east-fact-or-fiction\/\">https:\/\/dawnmena.org\/a-us-pivot-away-from-the-middle-east-fact-or-fiction\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> Jessica Larsen and Finn Stepputat, <em>Gulf State Rivalries in the Horn of Africa: Time for a Red Sea Policy?,<\/em> DIIS Policy Brief, (Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Institute for International Studies, May 1, 2019), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diis.dk\/en\/research\/gulf-state-rivalries-in-the-horn-of-africa-time-a-red-sea-policy\">https:\/\/www.diis.dk\/en\/research\/gulf-state-rivalries-in-the-horn-of-africa-time-a-red-sea-policy<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup>Courtney Freer, \u201cQatar-UAE as rivals in the Horn of Africa,\u201d <em>Near East Policy Forum<\/em>, July 15, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/nepf.org.au\/index.php\/the-future-of-the-qatar-uae-rivalry-in-the-horn-of-africa-after-al-ula\/\">https:\/\/nepf.org.au\/index.php\/the-future-of-the-qatar-uae-rivalry-in-the-horn-of-africa-after-al-ula\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> Ismail N. Telci, \u201cA Lost Love Between the Horn of Africa and UAE,\u201d <em>AlJazeera Centre for Studies<\/em>, May 28, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/en\/reports\/2018\/05\/lost-love-horn-africa-uae-180528092015371.html\">https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/en\/reports\/2018\/05\/lost-love-horn-africa-uae-180528092015371.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup> \u201cDjibouti finalizing pact soon for Saudi military base,\u201d <em>Al Arabiya<\/em>, January 18, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/News\/gulf\/2017\/01\/18\/Djibouti-finalizing-pact-soon-for-Saudi-military-base\">https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/News\/gulf\/2017\/01\/18\/Djibouti-finalizing-pact-soon-for-Saudi-military-base<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup> Selcan Karabektas, \u201cWhen the powers of the Middle East export their rivalries to the Horn of Africa,\u201d <em>Beyond the Horizon<\/em>, April 25, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/behorizon.org\/when-the-powers-of-the-middle-east-export-their-rivalries-to-the-horn-of-africa\/\">https:\/\/behorizon.org\/when-the-powers-of-the-middle-east-export-their-rivalries-to-the-horn-of-africa\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup> Eleonora Ardemagni, \u201cFlexible Outposts: The Emirati Approach to Military Bases Abroad,\u201d <em>Sada <\/em>(blog), April 30, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/2024\/04\/flexible-outposts-the-emirati-approach-to-military-bases-abroad?lang=en\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/2024\/04\/flexible-outposts-the-emirati-approach-to-military-bases-abroad?lang=en<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup> \u201cSudan, Qatar ink $4 billion deal to develop Suakin seaport,\u201d <em>Daily Sabah<\/em>, March 26, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/africa\/2018\/03\/26\/sudan-qatar-ink-4-billion-deal-to-develop-suakin-seaport\">https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/africa\/2018\/03\/26\/sudan-qatar-ink-4-billion-deal-to-develop-suakin-seaport<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup> Mohammed Amin, \u201cShadow games on the Red Sea as scramble for Sudan\u2019s ports intensifies,\u201d <em>Middle East Eye<\/em>, February 24, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/sudan-global-contest-centre-red-sea-scramble-intensifies\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/sudan-global-contest-centre-red-sea-scramble-intensifies<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup> Mohamed Sheikh Nor, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye secures major stake in Somalia\u2019s Hobyo Port,\u201d <em>The Africa Report<\/em>, October 11, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theafricareport.com\/364137\/turkiye-secures-major-stake-in-somalias-hobyo-port\/\">https:\/\/www.theafricareport.com\/364137\/turkiye-secures-major-stake-in-somalias-hobyo-port\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup> \u201cQatar to build new port in Somalia\u2019s Hobyo,\u201d <em>AlJazeera<\/em>, August 20, 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/economy\/2019\/8\/20\/qatar-to-build-new-port-in-somalias-hobyo#:~:text=Doha%20to%20enter%20investment%20partnership,ministry%20of%20transportation%20and%20communications.&amp;text=Qatar%20plans%20to%20build%20a,fiercely%20contested%20by%20Gulf%20rivals\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/economy\/2019\/8\/20\/qatar-to-build-new-port-in-somalias-hobyo#:~:text=Doha%20to%20enter%20investment%20partnership,ministry%20of%20transportation%20and%20communications.&amp;text=Qatar%20plans%20to%20build%20a,fiercely%20contested%20by%20Gulf%20rivals<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup> Alessandro Bruno, \u201cThe Qatari-Emirati Strategic Contest in the Horn of Africa,\u201d <em>Gulf International Forum<\/em>, May 19, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/gulfif.org\/the-qatari-emirati-strategic-contest-in-the-horn-of-africa\/\">https:\/\/gulfif.org\/the-qatari-emirati-strategic-contest-in-the-horn-of-africa\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup> Alexander Cornwell, \u201cDubai\u2019s DP World seeks $210.2 million in damages from Djibouti,\u201d Reuters, April 13, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/middle-east\/dubais-dp-world-seeks-2102-million-in-damages-from-djibouti-documents-idUSKBN2C018T\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/middle-east\/dubais-dp-world-seeks-2102-million-in-damages-from-djibouti-documents-idUSKBN2C018T\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup> Jon Gambrell, \u201cDjibouti seizes control of DP World\u2019s container terminal,\u201d AP News, February 23, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/general-news-30a132e5129441ff981ecee6df88bcd3\">https:\/\/apnews.com\/general-news-30a132e5129441ff981ecee6df88bcd3<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup> David Brewster, \u201cBase race in the Horn of Africa,\u201d <em>The Interpreter<\/em> (blog), February 7, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lowyinstitute.org\/the-interpreter\/base-race-horn-africa\">https:\/\/www.lowyinstitute.org\/the-interpreter\/base-race-horn-africa<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup> Eleonora Ardemagni, \u201cThe UAE\u2019s Rising Military Role in Africa: Defending Interests, Advancing Influence,\u201d <em>The Italian Institute for International Political Studies <\/em>(<em>ISPI)<\/em>, May 6, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/en\/publication\/the-uaes-rising-military-role-in-africa-defending-interests-advancing-influence-172825\">https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/en\/publication\/the-uaes-rising-military-role-in-africa-defending-interests-advancing-influence-172825<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup> Frederico Donelli and Giuseppe Dentice, \u201cFluctuating Saudi and Emirati Alignment Behaviours in the Horn of Africa,\u201d <em>The International Spectator<\/em> 55, no.1, (February 2020): 10, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03932729.2019.1706389\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03932729.2019.1706389<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote30\">30 <\/sup> Ardemagni, \u201cThe UAE\u2019s Rising Military Role in Africa.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote31\">31 <\/sup> Donelli and Dentice, \u201cFluctuating Alignment,\u201d 6-9<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote32\">32 <\/sup> \u201cSudan, UAE\u2019s consortium sign $6-bln deal to build new port on Red Sea,\u201d <em>Sudan Tribune<\/em>, December 13, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article268175\/\">https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article268175\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote33\">33 <\/sup> \u201cSudan \u2018cancels $6 billion Abu Amama port agreement with UAE,&#8217;\u201d <em>The New Arab<\/em>, November 5, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/sudan-cancels-6-billion-abu-amama-port-agreement-uae\">https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/news\/sudan-cancels-6-billion-abu-amama-port-agreement-uae<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote34\">34 <\/sup> Camille Lons, \u201cGulf countries reconsider their involvement in the Horn of Africa,\u201d <em>The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)<\/em>, June 1, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/online-analysis\/online-analysis\/2021\/06\/gulf--horn-of-africa\/\">https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/online-analysis\/online-analysis\/2021\/06\/gulf&#8211;horn-of-africa\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote35\">35 <\/sup> IRIN News, \u201cSUDAN-ERITREA: Reconciliation agreement signed,\u201d <em>The New Humanitarian<\/em>, May 1, 1999, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/news\/1999\/05\/01\/sudan-eritrea-reconciliation-agreement-signed\">https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/news\/1999\/05\/01\/sudan-eritrea-reconciliation-agreement-signed<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote36\">36 <\/sup> \u201cEthiopia and Qatar restore diplomatic ties,\u201d <em>Sudan Tribune<\/em>, October 23, 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article43588\/\">https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article43588\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote37\">37 <\/sup> Sultan Barakat and Sansom Milton, \u201cWhy did Qatar leave the Djibouti-Eritrea border?,\u201d AlJazeera, June 18, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2017\/6\/18\/why-did-qatar-leave-the-djibouti-eritrea-border\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2017\/6\/18\/why-did-qatar-leave-the-djibouti-eritrea-border<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote38\">38 <\/sup> Aaron Maasho, \u201cDjibouti, Eritrea agree to normalize ties strained since 2008,\u201d Reuters<em>,<\/em> September 7, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-eritrea-djibouti-politics\/djibouti-eritrea-agree-to-normalize-ties-strained-since-2008-idUSKCN1LM2IM\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-eritrea-djibouti-politics\/djibouti-eritrea-agree-to-normalize-ties-strained-since-2008-idUSKCN1LM2IM<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote39\">39 <\/sup> Mohammed Alkhereiji, \u201cSaudi Arabia brokers Ethiopia-Eritrea peace accord,\u201d <em>Arab Weekly<\/em>, September 23, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/saudi-arabia-brokers-ethiopia-eritrea-peace-accord\">https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/saudi-arabia-brokers-ethiopia-eritrea-peace-accord<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote40\">40 <\/sup> \u201cSomalia restoring ties with Kenya after nearly six months,\u201d <em>AlJazeera<\/em>, May 6, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/5\/6\/somalia-restoring-ties-with-kenya-after-nearly-six-months\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/5\/6\/somalia-restoring-ties-with-kenya-after-nearly-six-months<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote41\">41 <\/sup> Abdi Latif Dahir, \u201cSomalia Severs Diplomatic Ties with Kenya,\u201d The New York Times, December 15, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/12\/15\/world\/africa\/somalia-kenya.html\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/12\/15\/world\/africa\/somalia-kenya.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote42\">42 <\/sup> Abdi Latif Dahir, \u201cSomalia Severs Diplomatic Ties with Kenya,\u201d The New York Times, December 15, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/12\/15\/world\/africa\/somalia-kenya.html\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/12\/15\/world\/africa\/somalia-kenya.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote43\">43 <\/sup> Altea Pericoli and Federico Donelli, \u201cQatar\u2019s Foreign Aid and Political Strategies in the Horn of Africa: The Case of Somalia,\u201d <em>Global Policy <\/em>15, no.1 (February 2024): 53, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1758-5899.13294\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1758-5899.13294<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote44\">44 <\/sup> Eleonora Ardemagni, \u201cOne Port, One Node: The Emirati Geostrategic Road to Africa,\u201d <em>ISPI<\/em>, June 13, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/en\/publication\/one-port-one-node-the-emirati-geostrategic-road-to-africa-131893\">https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/en\/publication\/one-port-one-node-the-emirati-geostrategic-road-to-africa-131893<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote45\">45 <\/sup> Ardemagni, \u201cFlexible Outposts: The Emirati Approach to Military Bases Abroad.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote46\">46 <\/sup> Fred H. Lawson, \u201cGCC Policies Toward the Red Sea, the Horn of Africa and Yemen: Ally-Adversary Dilemmas,\u201d in Foreign Policy Trends in the GCC States, <em>Gulf Affairs<\/em>, Autumn 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/daphnis.wbnusystem.net\/~wbplus\/websites\/AD2902892\/files\/analysis-_lawson.pdf\">https:\/\/daphnis.wbnusystem.net\/~wbplus\/websites\/AD2902892\/files\/analysis-_lawson.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote47\">47 <\/sup> Berouk Mesfin, <em>Qatar\u2019s Diplomatic Incursions into the Horn of Africa<\/em>, East Africa Report, (Pretoria, South Africa: Institute for Security Studies (ISS) Africa, November, 2016), <a href=\"https:\/\/issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com\/site\/uploads\/ear8.pdf\">https:\/\/issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com\/site\/uploads\/ear8.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote48\">48 <\/sup> Mohamed Ramady, \u201cFood Security at the Forefront of GCC and Global Economic Concerns,\u201d <em>Emirates Policy Center<\/em>, May 26, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epc.ae\/en\/details\/featured\/food-security-at-the-forefront-of-gcc-and-global-economic-concerns\">https:\/\/www.epc.ae\/en\/details\/featured\/food-security-at-the-forefront-of-gcc-and-global-economic-concerns<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote49\">49 <\/sup> Harry Menear, \u201cFood security in the Gulf is a major supply chain challenge,\u201d <em>SupplyChain Strategy<\/em>, August 1, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/supplychainstrategy.media\/blog\/2024\/08\/01\/food-security-in-the-gulf-is-a-major-supply-chain-challenge\/\">https:\/\/supplychainstrategy.media\/blog\/2024\/08\/01\/food-security-in-the-gulf-is-a-major-supply-chain-challenge\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote50\">50 <\/sup>WAM, \u201cUAE alarmed about famine in Sudan, condemns use of starvation as weapon of war,\u201d <em>Khaleej Times<\/em>, August 6, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khaleejtimes.com\/uae\/uae-alarmed-about-famine-in-sudan-condemns-use-of-starvation-as-weapon-of-war?_refresh=true\">https:\/\/www.khaleejtimes.com\/uae\/uae-alarmed-about-famine-in-sudan-condemns-use-of-starvation-as-weapon-of-war?_refresh=true<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote51\">51 <\/sup> \u201cSudan Humanitarian Update (29 July 2024) [EN\/AR],\u201d United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), July 29, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unocha.org\/publications\/report\/sudan\/sudan-humanitarian-update-29-july-2024\">https:\/\/www.unocha.org\/publications\/report\/sudan\/sudan-humanitarian-update-29-july-2024<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote52\">52 <\/sup> Chido Munyati, \u201cA new economic partnership is emerging between Africa and the Gulf states,\u201d <em>World Economic Forum (WEF)<\/em>, April 28, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2024\/04\/africa-gcc-gulf-economy-partnership-emerging\/\">https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2024\/04\/africa-gcc-gulf-economy-partnership-emerging\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote53\">53 <\/sup> Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote54\">54 <\/sup> Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote55\">55 <\/sup> WAM, \u201cDjibouti downgrades Qatar relations,\u201d <em>Gulf News<\/em>, June 8, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/djibouti-downgrades-qatar-relations-1.2040181\">https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/world\/mena\/djibouti-downgrades-qatar-relations-1.2040181<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote56\">56 <\/sup> Yahia H. Zoubir, \u201cEthiopia and Somalia on the Edge of War,\u201d <em>Afkar<\/em> (blog), November 4, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/blog_posts\/ethiopia-and-somalia-on-the-edge-of-war\/\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/blog_posts\/ethiopia-and-somalia-on-the-edge-of-war\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><sup id=\"endnote57\">57 <\/sup> Estifanos Balew Liyew, \u201cGeopolitics of the Red Sea: Implications of Foreign Military Bases Expansion to the Horn of Africa Security,\u201d <em>African Security Review<\/em> 33, no.3 (April 2024): 1\u201313, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10246029.2024.2340015\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10246029.2024.2340015<\/a>; Fekade Terefe and Mulugeta Tesfaye, \u201cMilitarization of the Horn of Africa and what this means for regional security,\u201d <em>Good Governance Africa<\/em>, October 9, 2023, <u>https:\/\/www.gga.org\/militarisation-of-the-horn-of-africa-and-what-this-means-for-regional-security<\/u>.<\/h6>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u00a0\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":473264,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[],"programs":[],"publication_type":[90],"class_list":["post-473249","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","publication_type-90","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/473249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/473264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=473249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=473249"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=473249"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=473249"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=473249"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=473249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}