{"id":472681,"date":"2024-10-31T14:13:44","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T14:13:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=472681"},"modified":"2024-12-04T09:45:55","modified_gmt":"2024-12-04T09:45:55","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 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data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iraq-No-Title-03-1-1-1024x694.png\" alt=\"Iraq Development Road\" width=\"750\" height=\"508\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iraq-No-Title-03-1-1-1024x694.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iraq-No-Title-03-1-1-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iraq-No-Title-03-1-1-768x520.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iraq-No-Title-03-1-1-1536x1040.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iraq-No-Title-03-1-1-2048x1387.png 2048w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/iraq-No-Title-03-1-1-1568x1062.png 1568w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/508;\" \/><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0648 \u0648&#8221;\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 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\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b 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\u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0632\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 &#8220;\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0623\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup>Neil Halligan and Sinan Mahmoud, \u201cWhat is Iraq&#8217;s Development Road and will it challenge US and China trade routes?,\u201d<em>The National<\/em>, April 26, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/2024\/04\/24\/can-iraqs-development-road-challenge-us-and-china-trade-routes\/\">https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/2024\/04\/24\/can-iraqs-development-road-challenge-us-and-china-trade-routes\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup>Andrew Mills, Ghaida Ghantous, and Aziz El Yaakoubi, \u201cQatar and UAE in process of restoring diplomatic ties,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, April 18, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/qatar-uae-process-restoring-diplomatic-ties-official-says-2023-04-18\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/qatar-uae-process-restoring-diplomatic-ties-official-says-2023-04-18\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup>Timour Azhari and Andrew Mills, \u201cGulf Arab states test waters with Iraq investment,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, April 4, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/gulf-arab-states-test-waters-with-iraq-investment-2024-04-03\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/gulf-arab-states-test-waters-with-iraq-investment-2024-04-03\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup>Alex Almeida, &#8220;The Muqawama&#8217;s Duel with Turkey,&#8221; The Washington Institute, May 17, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/muqawamas-duel-turkey\">https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/muqawamas-duel-turkey<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup>Alex Blair, \u201cTurkey moves against Europe with trade corridor alternative to IPEC,\u201d <em>Railway Technology<\/em>, September 20, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railway-technology.com\/news\/turkey-alternative-india-middle-east-trade-corridor-plan\/\">https:\/\/www.railway-technology.com\/news\/turkey-alternative-india-middle-east-trade-corridor-plan\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup>Nikhil Inamdar, \u201cCan India-Europe corridor rival China&#8217;s Belt and Road?,\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em>, October 2, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-india-66957019\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-india-66957019<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup>Timour Azhari, \u201cIraq launches $17 billion road and rail project to link Asia and Europe,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, May 27, 2023,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/iraq-launches-17bn-road-rail-project-link-asia-europe-2023-05-27\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/iraq-launches-17bn-road-rail-project-link-asia-europe-2023-05-27\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup>Bilgay Duman, \u201cWhy Turkey-Iraq Development Road is the best way to connect Europe and the Middle East,\u201d <em>Middle East Eye<\/em>, September 18, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/opinion\/turkey-iraq-development-road-best-connecting-europe-middle-east\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/opinion\/turkey-iraq-development-road-best-connecting-europe-middle-east<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup>Mehmet Alaca, \u201cIn rare visit, Erdogan pushes for stronger Turkish stake in Iraq,\u201d <em>Amwaj Media<\/em>, April 30, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/amwaj.media\/article\/in-rare-visit-erdogan-pushes-for-stronger-turkish-stake-in-iraq\">https:\/\/amwaj.media\/article\/in-rare-visit-erdogan-pushes-for-stronger-turkish-stake-in-iraq<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup>Ibid; see also: \u201cIraq to start construction of railway to Turkey in 2024,\u201d <em>Railway Supply<\/em>, April 28, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railway.supply\/en\/iraq-to-start-construction-of-railway-to-turkey-in-2024\">https:\/\/www.railway.supply\/en\/iraq-to-start-construction-of-railway-to-turkey-in-2024<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup>Azhari, \u201cIraq launches $17 billion road and rail project.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup>Aref Mohammed, \u201cIraq to sign $2.625 billion Grand Faw port contract with S.Korea&#8217;s Daewoo,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, December 23, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/middle-east\/iraq-to-sign-2625-billion-grand-faw-port-contract-with-skoreas-daewoo-idUSKBN28X1C2\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/world\/middle-east\/iraq-to-sign-2625-billion-grand-faw-port-contract-with-skoreas-daewoo-idUSKBN28X1C2\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup>Majorie Van Leijen, &#8220;New railway line from Iraq to Turkey on paper,&#8221; <em>Rail Freight<\/em>, April 25, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railfreight.com\/corridors\/2023\/04\/25\/new-railway-line-from-iraq-to-turkey-on-paper\/\">https:\/\/www.railfreight.com\/corridors\/2023\/04\/25\/new-railway-line-from-iraq-to-turkey-on-paper\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup>Mehmet Alaca and Haydar Karaalp, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye-Iraq Development Road Project: Enhancing regional connectivity, trade,\u201d Anadolu Agency, September 16, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/turkiye-iraq-development-road-project-enhancing-regional-connectivity-trade\/2993555\">https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/turkiye-iraq-development-road-project-enhancing-regional-connectivity-trade\/2993555<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup>Aseel Kami, \u201cIraq dreams big with infrastructure projects,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, August 21, 2011, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/idUSTRE77K1H1\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/idUSTRE77K1H1\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup>Fatemeh Salari, \u201cTurkey, Iraq, Qatar and UAE to hold ministerial meeting on $17bn Gulf-Europe transportation project,\u201d <em>Doha News<\/em>, May 2, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/dohanews.co\/turkey-iraq-qatar-and-uae-to-hold-ministerial-meeting-on-17bn-gulf-europe-transportation-project\/\">https:\/\/dohanews.co\/turkey-iraq-qatar-and-uae-to-hold-ministerial-meeting-on-17bn-gulf-europe-transportation-project\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup>Ahmed Rasheed, \u201cIraq, UAE\u2019s Crescent launch deals to develop three oil and gas fields,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, October 15, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/iraq-uaes-crescent-launch-deals-develop-three-oil-gas-fields-2023-10-15\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/iraq-uaes-crescent-launch-deals-develop-three-oil-gas-fields-2023-10-15\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup>Umud Shokri, \u201cStrengthening Energy Security: The GCC-Iraq Electrical Interconnection Project,\u201d <em>Gulf International Forum<\/em>, July 24, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/gulfif.org\/strengthening-energy-security-the-gcc-iraq-electrical-interconnection-project\/\">https:\/\/gulfif.org\/strengthening-energy-security-the-gcc-iraq-electrical-interconnection-project\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup>\u201cIraq, TotalEnergies sign massive oil, gas, renewables deal,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, July 10, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/iraq-totalenergies-sign-27-bln-deal-energy-projects-2023-07-10\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/iraq-totalenergies-sign-27-bln-deal-energy-projects-2023-07-10\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup>\u201cQatari companies partner with Iraq on $9.5bn worth of projects,&#8221;<em>Al Jazeera English<\/em>, June 18, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/6\/18\/qatari-companies-partner-with-iraq-on-9-5bn-worth-of-projects\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/6\/18\/qatari-companies-partner-with-iraq-on-9-5bn-worth-of-projects<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup>Timour Azhari, Ece Toksabay, and Ahmed Rasheed, \u201cIraq, Turkey to elevate security, economic ties after Erdogan visit,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, April 22, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/turkeys-erdogan-iraq-push-reset-ties-cooperation-against-pkk-2024-04-22\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/turkeys-erdogan-iraq-push-reset-ties-cooperation-against-pkk-2024-04-22\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup>\u0130zzet Maz\u0131 and Tunahan Akg\u00fcn, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye to establish joint operations center with Iraq: Turkish defense minister,\u201d Anadolu Agency, March 21, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/turkiye-to-establish-joint-operations-center-with-iraq-turkish-defense-minister\/3170110\">https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/middle-east\/turkiye-to-establish-joint-operations-center-with-iraq-turkish-defense-minister\/3170110<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup>&#8220;Barzani meets PM Sudani in Baghdad,&#8221; <em>Rudaw<\/em>, July 3, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/iraq\/030720242\">https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/iraq\/030720242<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup>Benedict Vigers and Mohamed Younis, \u201cIraq: Signs of Stability in a Volatile Region,\u201d Gallup, February 16, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/610355\/iraq-signs-stability-volatile-region.aspx\">https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/610355\/iraq-signs-stability-volatile-region.aspx<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup>\u201cAfter 20 years of trauma, Iraq is struggling to recover,\u201d <em>The<\/em> <em>Economist<\/em>, March 23, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/middle-east-and-africa\/2023\/03\/23\/after-20-years-of-trauma-iraq-is-struggling-to-recover\">https:\/\/www.economist.com\/middle-east-and-africa\/2023\/03\/23\/after-20-years-of-trauma-iraq-is-struggling-to-recover<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote30\">30 <\/sup>Qassim Abdul Zahra and Abby Sewell, \u201cTargeting Iran, US tightens Iraq\u2019s dollar flow, causing pain,\u201d Associated Press, February 2, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/united-states-government-iraq-business-0628bad5e4d46315951c90681baba202\">https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/united-states-government-iraq-business-0628bad5e4d46315951c90681baba202<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote31\">31 <\/sup>\u201cIraq population projected to hit 50 million by 2030,\u201d <em>Kurdistan 24,<\/em> September 18, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurdistan24.net\/en\/story\/25597-Iraq-population-projected-to-hit-50-million-by-2030\">https:\/\/www.kurdistan24.net\/en\/story\/25597-Iraq-population-projected-to-hit-50-million-by-2030<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote32\">32 <\/sup>Agence France Presse, \u201cIraqi youth see little hope 18 years after Saddam\u2019s fall,\u201d <em>Rudaw<\/em>, April 9, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/iraq\/09042021\">https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/iraq\/09042021<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote33\">33 <\/sup>\u201cKadhimi boosts port project as critics lash out,\u201d <em>Amwaj Media,<\/em> April 12, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/amwaj.media\/media-monitor\/iq-mm-kadhimi-s-visit-to-the-grand-faw-port-highlight-political-competition\">https:\/\/amwaj.media\/media-monitor\/iq-mm-kadhimi-s-visit-to-the-grand-faw-port-highlight-political-competition<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote34\">34 <\/sup>&#8220;The Iraq Report: Social and geopolitical deep waters,&#8221; <em>The New Arab<\/em>, January 17, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/analysis\/iraq-report-social-and-geopolitical-deep-waters\">https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/analysis\/iraq-report-social-and-geopolitical-deep-waters<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote35\">35 <\/sup>Robert Tollast and Mina Aldroubi, \u201cAn overland route to rival Suez: the wild ambition of Iraq\u2019s Al Faw port,\u201d <em>The National<\/em>, August 8, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/mena\/iraq\/2021\/08\/08\/an-overland-route-to-rival-suez-the-wild-ambition-of-iraqs-al-faw-port\/\">https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/mena\/iraq\/2021\/08\/08\/an-overland-route-to-rival-suez-the-wild-ambition-of-iraqs-al-faw-port\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote36\">36 <\/sup>Layal Shakir, \u201cPKK-affiliated group claims responsibility for attack on oil pipeline,\u201d <em>Rudaw<\/em>, January 20, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/20012022\">https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/20012022<\/a>; \u201cSecurity sources confirm attack on Khor Mor gas field from within Iraq,\u201d <em>Kurdistan24<\/em>, April 28, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurdistan24.net\/en\/story\/34729-Security-sources-confirm-attack-on-Khor-Mor-gas-field-from-within-Iraq\">https:\/\/www.kurdistan24.net\/en\/story\/34729-Security-sources-confirm-attack-on-Khor-Mor-gas-field-from-within-Iraq<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote37\">37 <\/sup>Mohammed Hussein, Rawaz Tahir, Ben Van Heuvelen, and Lizzie Porter, \u201cUPDATE: Four killed in drone attack on Khor Mor gas field,\u201d <em>Iraq Oil Report<\/em>, April 26, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iraqoilreport.com\/news\/three-killed-in-drone-attack-on-khor-mor-gas-field-46464\">https:\/\/www.iraqoilreport.com\/news\/three-killed-in-drone-attack-on-khor-mor-gas-field-46464<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote38\">38 <\/sup>Ali Abu Iraq and Ben Lando, \u201cNew brigade to protect Basra oil companies,\u201d <em>Iraq Oil Report<\/em>, May 7, 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iraqoilreport.com\/news\/new-brigade-to-protect-basra-oil-companies-14498\/\">https:\/\/www.iraqoilreport.com\/news\/new-brigade-to-protect-basra-oil-companies-14498\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote39\">39 <\/sup>Nishant Ugal, \u201cIraqi energy reserves exceed $15 trillion, senior official claims,\u201d <em>Upstream<\/em>, July 4, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.upstreamonline.com\/production\/iraqi-energy-reserves-exceed-15-trillion-senior-official-claims\/2-1-1479536?zephr_sso_ott=qaadqE\">https:\/\/www.upstreamonline.com\/production\/iraqi-energy-reserves-exceed-15-trillion-senior-official-claims\/2-1-1479536?zephr_sso_ott=qaadqE<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote40\">40 <\/sup>Chia-yi Lee, \u201cTerrorism, Counterterrorism Aid, and Foreign Direct Investment,\u201d <em>Foreign Policy and Economic Statecraft<\/em> 13, no.1 (January 2017): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26168140\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26168140<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote41\">41 <\/sup>Mohanad Faris, &#8220;Will economic clout pave way for Chinese interference in Iraqi politics?,&#8221; <em>Amwaj Media<\/em>, May 30, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/amwaj.media\/article\/will-economic-clout-pave-way-for-chinese-interference-in-iraqi-politics\">https:\/\/amwaj.media\/article\/will-economic-clout-pave-way-for-chinese-interference-in-iraqi-politics<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote42\">42 <\/sup>Sarah Glynn, \u201cTurkey is reportedly depriving hundreds of thousands of people of water,\u201d <em>Open Democracy<\/em>, June 14, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/north-africa-west-asia\/turkey-reportedly-depriving-hundreds-thousands-people-water\/\">https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/north-africa-west-asia\/turkey-reportedly-depriving-hundreds-thousands-people-water\/<\/a>; Ranj Alaadin, \u201cClimate change may devastate the Middle East. Here\u2019s how governments should tackle it,\u201d Brookings, March 14, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/climate-change-may-devastate-the-middle-east-heres-how-governments-should-tackle-it\/\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/climate-change-may-devastate-the-middle-east-heres-how-governments-should-tackle-it\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote43\">43 <\/sup>&#8220;Iraq: Six soldiers killed in attack on Turkish base,&#8221; <em>Middle East Eye<\/em>, December 23, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/iraq-six-soldiers-killed-attack-turkish-base\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/iraq-six-soldiers-killed-attack-turkish-base<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote44\">44 <\/sup>Zahra Mirzafarjouyan, \u201cUS convoy transfers military equipment from Iraq to Syria,\u201d Mehr News Agency, September 12, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.mehrnews.com\/news\/205967\/US-convoy-transfers-military-equipment-from-Iraq-to-Syria\">https:\/\/en.mehrnews.com\/news\/205967\/US-convoy-transfers-military-equipment-from-Iraq-to-Syria<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote45\">45 <\/sup>Ylenia Gostoli, &#8220;What&#8217;s behind Turkey and Iraq&#8217;s &#8216;Development Road&#8217; project?,&#8221; The New Arab, April 30, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/analysis\/whats-behind-turkey-and-iraqs-development-road-project\">https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/analysis\/whats-behind-turkey-and-iraqs-development-road-project<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote46\">46 <\/sup>&#8220;KRG proceeds with railway project, private sector to play key role&#8221;, <em>Kurdistan 24<\/em>, March 14, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurdistan24.net\/en\/story\/34281-KRG-proceeds-with-railway-project,-private-sector-to-play-key-role\">https:\/\/www.kurdistan24.net\/en\/story\/34281-KRG-proceeds-with-railway-project,-private-sector-to-play-key-role<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote47\">47 <\/sup>Anadolu Agency, \u201cTurkey, Iraqi Kurdistan Agree on \u201850-Year Energy Accord\u2019,\u201d <em>Hurriyet Daily News<\/em>, June 5, 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-iraqi-kurdistan-agree-on-50-year-energy-accord-67428\">https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-iraqi-kurdistan-agree-on-50-year-energy-accord-67428<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote48\">48 <\/sup>\u201cPresident Barzani, Erdogan discuss economic, trade cooperation in Erbil,\u201d <em>Rudaw<\/em>, April 23, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/kurdistan\/220420244\">https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/kurdistan\/220420244<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote49\">49 <\/sup>Mehmet Alaca, \u201cIraq\u2019s Sunni Arabs emerge as more cohesive political force,\u201d <em>Amwaj Media<\/em>, November 5, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/amwaj.media\/article\/halbousi-s-electoral-victory-may-trigger-changes-in-iraqi-sunni-geopolitics\">https:\/\/amwaj.media\/article\/halbousi-s-electoral-victory-may-trigger-changes-in-iraqi-sunni-geopolitics<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote50\">50 <\/sup>Mohanad Faris, \u201cWhy Sunni autonomy is back on the agenda in Iraq&#8221;, <em>Amwaj Media<\/em>, March 13, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/amwaj.media\/article\/why-sunni-autonomy-is-back-on-the-agenda-in-iraq\">https:\/\/amwaj.media\/article\/why-sunni-autonomy-is-back-on-the-agenda-in-iraq<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote51\">51 <\/sup>&#8220;PM Maliki says Saudi Arabia and Qatar &#8216;destabilise&#8217; Iraq,&#8221; <em>BBC News<\/em>, March 8, 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-middle-east-26501610\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-middle-east-26501610<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote52\">52 <\/sup>Julian Bechocha, \u201cIraq developing Umm Qasr port a \u2018threat to Iran:\u2019 Iranian official,\u201d <em>Rudaw<\/em>, January 9, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/09012023\">https:\/\/www.rudaw.net\/english\/middleeast\/09012023<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote53\">53 <\/sup>The New Arab, \u201cThe Iraq Report.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote54\">54 <\/sup>Faris, \u201cWhy Sunni autonomy is back on the agenda.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup>55 <\/sup>Crispin Smith and Michael Knights, \u201cRemaking Iraq: How Iranian-Backed Militias Captured the Country,\u201d Just Security, March 20, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/85566\/remaking-iraq-how-iranian-backed-militias-captured-the-country\">https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/85566\/remaking-iraq-how-iranian-backed-militias-captured-the-country<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup>56 <\/sup>\u201cIraq-Kuwait dispute over port,\u201d <em>Al Jazeera English<\/em>, May 31, 2011, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2011\/5\/31\/iraq-kuwait-dispute-over-port\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2011\/5\/31\/iraq-kuwait-dispute-over-port<\/a>; see also Mona Sukkarieh, &#8220;Mubarak al-Kabir vs. Al-Faw al-Kabir: What impact on Kuwait-Iraq relations and on regional stability?,&#8221; Middle East Strategic Perspectives, June 12, 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mesp.me\/2012\/06\/12\/mubarak-al-kabir-vs-al-faw-al-kabir-what-impact-on-kuwait-iraq-relations-and-on-regional-stability\/\">https:\/\/www.mesp.me\/2012\/06\/12\/mubarak-al-kabir-vs-al-faw-al-kabir-what-impact-on-kuwait-iraq-relations-and-on-regional-stability\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote57\">57\u00a0<\/sup>\u201cKuwait, China to revive port construction 10 years after pause,\u201d <em>Al Mayadeen<\/em>, May 31, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/english.almayadeen.net\/news\/politics\/kuwait--china-to-revive-port-construction-10-years-after-pau\">https:\/\/english.almayadeen.net\/news\/politics\/kuwait&#8211;china-to-revive-port-construction-10-years-after-pau<\/a>.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 &#8220;\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064017 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u0651.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":472684,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[94],"programs":[],"publication_type":[90],"class_list":["post-472681","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-94","publication_type-90","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/472681","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/472684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=472681"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=472681"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=472681"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=472681"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=472681"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=472681"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}