{"id":472192,"date":"2024-09-12T13:21:52","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T13:21:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=472192"},"modified":"2024-09-23T06:35:05","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T06:35:05","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d9%88%d8%b4","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%ae-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d9%88%d8%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 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data-src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/19356525\/embed#?secret=TnhnRT8LJB\" data-secret=\"TnhnRT8LJB\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"700\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong>: \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 Bloomberg Terminal.<a href=\"#endnote8\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a 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\u0648\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup>\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a 2023 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup>World Economic Forum, <em>The Global Risks Report 2023: 18th Edition Insight Report<\/em>, (Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum, January 11, 2023), 6, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/publications\/global-risks-report-2023\/\">https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/publications\/global-risks-report-2023\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup>Shira Kronich and Liel Maghen, eds., <em>Ensuring Water Security in the Middle East: Policy Implications<\/em>, EuroMesco Joint Policy Study 15, (Barcelona, Spain: European Institute of the Mediterranean, April 6, 2020), 6\u201380, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemed.org\/publication\/ensuring-water-security-in-the-middle-east-policy-implications\/\">https:\/\/www.iemed.org\/publication\/ensuring-water-security-in-the-middle-east-policy-implications\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup>\u201cThe Impact of Russia\u2019s Invasion of Ukraine in the Middle East and North Africa,\u201d International Crisis Group, April 14, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/middle-east-north-africa\/impact-russias-invasion-ukraine-middle-east-and-north-africa\">https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/middle-east-north-africa\/impact-russias-invasion-ukraine-middle-east-and-north-africa<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup>Tobias von Lossow, <em>Water as Weapon: IS on the Euphrates and Tigris<\/em>, (Berlin, Germany: German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP), January 2016), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/publications\/products\/comments\/2016C03_lsw.pdf\">https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/publications\/products\/comments\/2016C03_lsw.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup>Scott R. Baker, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, \u201cMeasuring Economic Policy Uncertainty,\u201d <em>The Quarterly Journal of Economics <\/em>131, no. 4 (November 2016), 1593\u20131636, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qje\/qjw024\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qje\/qjw024<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup>\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup>Bloomberg, \u201cBloomberg Terminal,\u201d accessed August 13, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/professional\/products\/bloomberg-terminal\/\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/professional\/products\/bloomberg-terminal\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: <strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 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\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646)\u060c <strong>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629)\u060c <strong>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c 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\u0623\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0622\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627)\u060c <strong>\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/strong> (\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645)\u060c <strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646).<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup>Anna Corsi and Harris Selod, <em>Land Matters: Can Better Governance and Management of Scarcity Prevent a Looming Crisis in the Middle East and North Africa?<\/em>, Report, (Washington, DC, USA: World Bank, 2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/38384\">https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/38384<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup>Olivia Serdeczny et al., \u201cClimate Change Impacts in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Physical Changes to their Social Repurcussions,\u201d <em>Regional Environmental Change <\/em>17, no. 8 (January 2, 2016): 15, <a href=\"https:\/\/ca1-clm.edcdn.com\/assets\/ssa_final_published.pdf\">https:\/\/ca1-clm.edcdn.com\/assets\/ssa_final_published.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup>Nandini Das et al., <em>Phasing Out the Use of Coal-Fired Power in South and South-East Asia<\/em>, (Bangkok, Thailand: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, October 16, 2023), 1, <a href=\"https:\/\/ca1-clm.edcdn.com\/Phasing-out-use-coal-fired-power-South-Southeast-Asia-2023.pdf?v=1710989453#:~:text=Reliance%20on%20coal%20is%20particularly,emissions%20for%20decades%20to%20come\">https:\/\/ca1-clm.edcdn.com\/Phasing-out-use-coal-fired-power-South-Southeast-Asia-2023.pdf?v=1710989453#:~:text=Reliance%20on%20coal%20is%20particularly,emissions%20for%20decades%20to%20come<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup>Mahfuz Ahmed and Suphachol Suphachalasai, <em>Assessing the Costs of Climate Change and Adaptation in South Asia<\/em>, Report, (Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, June 2014), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adb.org\/publications\/assessing-costs-climate-change-and-adaptation-south-asia\">https:\/\/www.adb.org\/publications\/assessing-costs-climate-change-and-adaptation-south-asia<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup>Sinan \u00dclgen, <em>A Political Economy Perspective on the EU\u2019s Carbon Border Tax<\/em>, Article, (Brussels, Belgium: Carnegie Europe, May 9, 2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/research\/2023\/05\/a-political-economy-perspective-on-the-eus-carbon-border-tax?lang=en&amp;center=europe\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/research\/2023\/05\/a-political-economy-perspective-on-the-eus-carbon-border-tax?lang=en&amp;center=europe<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup>Clara Berestycki et al., <em>Measuring and Assessing the Effects of Climate Policy Uncertainty<\/em>, Working Paper No. 1724, (Paris, France: OECD Economics Department Working Papers, August 26, 2022), 3, \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/34483d83-en\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/34483d83-en<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup>Ibid., 3.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup>Ibid., 9.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup>Michael E. Porter and Claas van der Linde, \u201cToward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship,\u201d <em>Journal of Economic Perspectives <\/em>9, no. 4 (Autumn 1995): 98, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.aeaweb.org\/doi\/pdfplus\/10.1257\/jep.9.4.97\">https:\/\/pubs.aeaweb.org\/doi\/pdfplus\/10.1257\/jep.9.4.97<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup>Mousa Gowfal Selmey and Ahmed A. Elamer, \u201cEconomic Policy Uncertainty, Renewable Energy and Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Egypt,\u201d <em>Environmental Science and Pollution Research<\/em> 30, no. 20 (March 29, 2023): 58603\u201358617, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-023-26426-2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-023-26426-2<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup>Lucas Bretschger and Susanne Soretz, <em>Stranded Assets: How Policy Uncertainty Affects Capital, Growth, and the Environment<\/em>, Working Paper 18\/288, (Zurich, Switzerland: Center for Economic Research at ETH, April 2018), <a href=\"https:\/\/ethz.ch\/content\/dam\/ethz\/special-interest\/mtec\/cer-eth\/cer-eth-dam\/documents\/working-papers\/WP-18-288.pdf\">https:\/\/ethz.ch\/content\/dam\/ethz\/special-interest\/mtec\/cer-eth\/cer-eth-dam\/documents\/working-papers\/WP-18-288.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e &#8220;the climate policy uncertainty tracker&#8221; (CPUT). \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":472179,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[113],"programs":[],"publication_type":[90],"class_list":["post-472192","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-113","publication_type-90","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/472192","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/472179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=472192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=472192"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=472192"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=472192"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=472192"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=472192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}