{"id":471002,"date":"2024-04-19T10:01:36","date_gmt":"2024-04-19T10:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=471002"},"modified":"2025-03-02T10:40:22","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T10:40:22","slug":"%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d9%85-%d8%aa%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d9%85-%d8%aa%d9%88\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629: \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%91%d9%85%d8%a9\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u060c <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0647 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u060c <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0625<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u0629<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2013<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\"> (&#8230;)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%91%d9%85%d8%a9\/?lang=ar\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%85\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/a>: \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/a>: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u2013 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/a>: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/a>: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ba%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong><\/a>: \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u2013 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0651\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a3%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%9f\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633<\/strong><\/a>: \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a: \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u061f \u2013 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/a>: \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u2013 \u0644\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d8%b5%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%9f-%d8%aa%d8%ba%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/strong><\/a>: \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u2013 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2013 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8220;. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u060c <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u060c <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u062f\u0651\u062a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0632\u0647\u0650\u0642\u062a<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication_chapters\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac\/?lang=ar\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\" lang=\"AR-QA\" xml:lang=\"AR-QA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\" lang=\"AR-SA\" xml:lang=\"AR-SA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a 13 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644. \u0648<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0631 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0643\u0631\u062f<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0651<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\"> \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a 1 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0642\u062f<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0651<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0645 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 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data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW57182036 BCX0\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW57182036 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6 data-ogsc=\"black\" data-olk-copy-source=\"MessageBody\">\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u00a9 2024 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h6>\n<div class=\"text publication-content\">\n<h6>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 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\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d9%85-%d8%aa%d9%88\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629: \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u061f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":471053,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[113],"programs":[],"publication_type":[384],"class_list":["post-471002","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-113","publication_type-384","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/471002","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/471053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=471002"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=471002"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=471002"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=471002"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=471002"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=471002"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}