{"id":470316,"date":"2024-02-08T11:14:33","date_gmt":"2024-02-08T11:14:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=470316"},"modified":"2026-03-24T05:34:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T05:34:16","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%81-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%81-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629: \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span> \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631\u064d \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a 26 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong>: \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646&#8221;. \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 &#8220;\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 (CBDC) \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 100 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b (46 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 (33)\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (pilot) (21). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a 11 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#endnote1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<a href=\"#endnote2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote3\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#endnote4\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a (interoperability tests) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631&#8221;.<a href=\"#endnote5\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"#endnote6\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a>.2022 \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote7\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0623\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648) \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"#endnote8\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a>.2023<\/p>\n<h5><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b.<a href=\"#endnote9\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629) \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u00a0<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064d \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c<a href=\"#endnote10\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627<a href=\"#endnote11\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a> \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064c \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u064e\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (SEC) \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1933 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"#endnote12\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a>.1934<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631&#8221; (Project mBridge).<a href=\"#endnote13\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a> \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0632\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (MIT).<a href=\"#endnote14\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064d \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064d \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0631&#8221; (Cedar) \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646&#8221; (Ubin).<a href=\"#endnote15\"><sup>15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a 26 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<a href=\"#endnote16\"><sup>16<\/sup><\/a> \u064817 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a.<a href=\"#endnote17\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u064f\u0646\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0643\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u062e\u0637 &#8220;\u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a&#8221;.<a href=\"#endnote18\"><sup>18<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<a href=\"#endnote19\"><sup>19<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote20\"><sup>20<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0645\u0632 QR \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 <a href=\"#endnote21\"><sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.2023 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a 1,8 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 250 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 <a href=\"#endnote22\"><sup>22<\/sup><\/a>\u060c2023\u00a0\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640100 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 <a href=\"#endnote23\"><sup>23<\/sup><\/a>.2022 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"#endnote24\"><sup>24<\/sup><\/a>.2023 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 RMB \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<a href=\"#endnote25\"><sup>25<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0647\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064e\u064a WeChat pay \u0648Alipay\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0647\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064d \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 (\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a (CIPS) \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 -\u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote26\"><sup>26<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627- \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote27\"><sup>27<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h5><b>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u064a \u0625\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b.<a href=\"#endnote28\"><sup>28<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2021 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2022)<a href=\"#endnote29\"><sup>29<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 (eSE) \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645.<a href=\"#endnote30\"><sup>30<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#endnote31\"><sup>31<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c<a href=\"#endnote32\"><sup>32<\/sup><\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a \u0639\u0642\u062f (\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629) \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 12 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a 18 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote33\"><sup>33<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644.<a href=\"#endnote34\"><sup>34<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote35\"><sup>35<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote36\"><sup>36<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a<a href=\"#endnote37\"><sup>37<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0650\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 <a href=\"#endnote38\"><sup>38<\/sup><\/a>.2023<\/p>\n<h5><b>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629&#8221; (Project Orchid for Singapore) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c<a href=\"#endnote39\"><sup>39<\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0631&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote40\"><sup>40<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631&#8221; (Dunbar) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b.<a href=\"#endnote41\"><sup>41<\/sup><\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627&#8221; (Mariana) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote42\"><sup>42<\/sup><\/a> \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064d \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646.<a href=\"#endnote43\"><sup>43<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0651\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062c\u064e\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u060c<a href=\"#endnote44\"><sup>44<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631. \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u00a0<a href=\"#endnote45\"><sup>45<\/sup><\/a>.2027<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627&#8221; \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0651\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a<a href=\"#endnote46\"><sup>46<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0622\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a) \u0648&#8221; \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0643&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote47\"><sup>47<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote48\"><sup>48<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064d \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a <\/b><b>\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 <\/b><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643.<\/li>\n<li>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup>\u201cCentral Bank Digital Currency Tracker, Geoeconomics Center,\u201d Atlantic Council, accessed September 26, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/cbdctracker\/\">https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/cbdctracker\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 (cryptocurrency trade transactions) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u062f \u0644\u0646\u062f (P2P).<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup>Mike Orcutt, \u201cWhat\u2019s next for China\u2019s digital currency?,\u201d MIT Technology Review, August 3, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/08\/03\/1077181\/whats-next-for-chinas-digital-currency\/#:~:text=China%20appears%20to%20be%20charging,up%20the%20global%20geopolitical%20order\">https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/08\/03\/1077181\/whats-next-for-chinas-digital-currency\/#:~:text=China%20appears%20to%20be%20charging,up%20the%20global%20geopolitical%20order<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup>These reports include: Bank for International Settlements\u2019 (BIS) Markets Committee, <em>Central Bank Digital Currencies<\/em>, Markets Committee Paper 174, (Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements, March 2018), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bis.org\/cpmi\/publ\/d174.htm\">https:\/\/www.bis.org\/cpmi\/publ\/d174.htm<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup>Saudi Central Bank and the Central Bank of the U.A.E., <em>Project Aber: Saudi Central Bank and Central Bank of the U.A.E. Joint Digital Currency and Distributed Ledger Project<\/em>, (Saudi Central Bank and the Central Bank of the U.A.E., 2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sama.gov.sa\/en-US\/News\/Documents\/Project_Aber_report-EN.pdf\">https:\/\/www.sama.gov.sa\/en-US\/News\/Documents\/Project_Aber_report-EN.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup>\u201cProject mBridge: experimenting with a multi-CBDC platform for cross-border payments,\u201d BIS, October 31, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/bisih\/topics\/cbdc\/mcbdc_bridge.htm\">https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/bisih\/topics\/cbdc\/mcbdc_bridge.htm<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup>\u201cCentral Bank of Bahrain, Bank ABC and J.P. Morgan announce Digital Currency Settlement Collaboration,\u201d Central Bank of Bahrain, May 11, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbb.gov.bh\/media-center\/central-bank-of-bahrain-bank-abc-and-j-p-morgan-announce-digital-currency-settlement-collaboration\/\">https:\/\/www.cbb.gov.bh\/media-center\/central-bank-of-bahrain-bank-abc-and-j-p-morgan-announce-digital-currency-settlement-collaboration\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup>&#8220;Central Bank Digital Currency Tracker, Geoeconomics Center,\u201d Atlantic Council.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup>\u201cCentral Bank Digital Currency Tracker, Geoeconomics Center,\u201d Atlantic Council. Madhav Suresh, \u201cHow are Central banks in GCC responding to Digital Currencies?,\u201d Marmore MENA Intelligence, May 2, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marmoremena.com\/en\/insights\/how-are-central-banks-in-gcc-responding-to-digital-currencies\/\">https:\/\/www.marmoremena.com\/en\/insights\/how-are-central-banks-in-gcc-responding-to-digital-currencies\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup>\u201cCentral Bank Digital Currency (CBDC),\u201d The Federal Reserve Board, January 20, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/central-bank-digital-currency.htm\">https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/central-bank-digital-currency.htm<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup>Alondra Nelson, Alexander Macgillivray, and Nik Marda, \u201cTechnical Possibilities for a U.S. Central Bank Digital Currency,\u201d The White House, Office of Science and Technology Policy Blog, September 16, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ostp\/news-updates\/2022\/09\/16\/technical-possibilities-for-a-u-s-central-bank-digital-currency\/\">https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ostp\/news-updates\/2022\/09\/16\/technical-possibilities-for-a-u-s-central-bank-digital-currency\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup>\u201cThe Laws That Govern the Securities Industry,\u201d U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, accessed September 26, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/about\/about-securities-laws\">https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/about\/about-securities-laws<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup>BIS Innovation Hub, Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Bank of Thailand, Digital Currency Institute at the People\u2019s Bank of China, Central Bank of the U.A.E, <em>Project mBridge: Connecting economies through <\/em>CBDC, (Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements (BIS), October 2022), 9, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/bisih\/topics\/cbdc\/mcbdc_bridge.htm\">https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/bisih\/topics\/cbdc\/mcbdc_bridge.htm<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup>\u201cProject Hamilton &#8211; building a hypothetical central bank digital currency,\u201d MIT Digital Currency Initiative (DCI), accessed September 26, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/dci.mit.edu\/project-hamilton-building-a-hypothetical-cbdc\">https:\/\/dci.mit.edu\/project-hamilton-building-a-hypothetical-cbdc<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup>The Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the Monetary Authority of Singapore, <em>Project Cedar Phase II x Ubin+: Improving wholesale cross-border multi-currency payments and settlements<\/em>, (New York: The Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the Monetary Authority of Singapore, May 18, 2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/medialibrary\/media\/nyic\/project-cedar-phase-two-ubin-report.pdf\">https:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/medialibrary\/media\/nyic\/project-cedar-phase-two-ubin-report.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup>Amitoj Singh, \u201cChina Includes Digital Yuan in Cash Circulation Data for First Time,\u201d <em>CoinDesk<\/em>, January 11, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/policy\/2023\/01\/11\/china-includes-digital-yuan-in-cash-circulation-data-for-first-time\/\">https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/policy\/2023\/01\/11\/china-includes-digital-yuan-in-cash-circulation-data-for-first-time\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup>Changchun Mu, \u201cTheories and Practice of exploring China\u2019s e-CNY,\u201d in <em>Data, Digitalization, Decentialized Finance and Central Bank Digital Currencies<\/em>, Andreas Dombret and Patrick S. Kenadjian eds. (Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter, 2023), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pbc.gov.cn\/en\/3935690\/3935759\/4749192\/2022122913350138868.pdf\">http:\/\/www.pbc.gov.cn\/en\/3935690\/3935759\/4749192\/2022122913350138868.pdf<\/a>; Thai-Binh Elston, \u201cChina is Doubling Down on its Digital Currency,\u201d Analysis, Foreign Policy Research Institute, June 2, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fpri.org\/article\/2023\/06\/china-is-doubling-down-on-its-digital-currency\/\">https:\/\/www.fpri.org\/article\/2023\/06\/china-is-doubling-down-on-its-digital-currency\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup>\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0634\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0634\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646). \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0648. \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 94 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u062e\u0637 &#8220;\u0647\u064a\u0647\u064a-\u062a\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0646\u063a&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637 &#8220;\u0647\u0648&#8221;.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0643.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup>\u201cFour foreign banks tap into digital yuan market,\u201d Central Banking, December 1, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.centralbanking.com\/central-banks\/currency\/digital-currencies\/7960367\/four-foreign-banks-tap-into-digital-yuan-market\">https:\/\/www.centralbanking.com\/central-banks\/currency\/digital-currencies\/7960367\/four-foreign-banks-tap-into-digital-yuan-market<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup>\u201cPBoC developing interoperable QR codes for digital yuan,\u201d Central Banking Newsdesk, September 5, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.centralbanking.com\/fintech\/cbdc\/7959640\/pboc-developing-interoperable-qr-codes-for-cbdc\">https:\/\/www.centralbanking.com\/fintech\/cbdc\/7959640\/pboc-developing-interoperable-qr-codes-for-cbdc<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a 6,6 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064832 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup>\u201cDigital yuan transactions growing rapidly, PBoC says,\u201d Central Banking, July 25, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.centralbanking.com\/central-banks\/payments\/7959347\/digital-yuan-transactions-growing-rapidly-pboc-governor-says\">https:\/\/www.centralbanking.com\/central-banks\/payments\/7959347\/digital-yuan-transactions-growing-rapidly-pboc-governor-says<\/a>; \u201cChina Sprints Ahead in Race to Modernize Global Money Flows,\u201d Bloomberg, August 9, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-08-09\/china-s-digital-yuan-mbridge-plan-challenges-7-trillion-dollar-dominance\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-08-09\/china-s-digital-yuan-mbridge-plan-challenges-7-trillion-dollar-dominance<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup>\u201cChina Initiated First Cross-Border Digital Yuan Transaction,\u201d CoinGape, December 21, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/coingape.com\/china-initiated-first-cross-border-digital-yuan-transaction\/\">https:\/\/coingape.com\/china-initiated-first-cross-border-digital-yuan-transaction\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup>Arendse Huld, \u201cChina Launches Digital Yuan App \u2013 All You Need to Know,\u201d <em>The China Briefing<\/em>, September 22, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.china-briefing.com\/news\/china-launches-digital-yuan-app-what-you-need-to-know\/\">https:\/\/www.china-briefing.com\/news\/china-launches-digital-yuan-app-what-you-need-to-know\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup>Alice Shen, \u201cPBoC subsidiary sets up joint venture with Swift,\u201d Central Banking News, February 5, 2021, https:\/\/www.centralbanking.com\/central-banks\/financial-market-infrastructure\/7743096\/pboc-subsidiary-sets-up-joint-venture-with-swift.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup>\u201cWhy China\u2019s Payment System Can\u2019t Easily Save Russian Banks Cut Off from Swift,\u201d <em>Bloomberg<\/em>, March 15, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-03-14\/why-china-s-payment-system-can-t-easily-save-russia-quicktake\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-03-14\/why-china-s-payment-system-can-t-easily-save-russia-quicktake<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup>June Park, <em>South Korea\u2019s Critical Moment in Digital Currency Policymaking: Between Regulating Cryptocurrencies and Launching a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)<\/em>, KEI Academic Paper Series, (Washington, DC: Korea Economic Institute of America (KEI), March 2022),. <a href=\"https:\/\/keia.org\/publication\/south-koreas-critical-moment-in-digital-currency-policymaking-between-regulating-cryptocurrencies-and-launching-a-central-bank-digital-currency-cbdc\/\">https:\/\/keia.org\/publication\/south-koreas-critical-moment-in-digital-currency-policymaking-between-regulating-cryptocurrencies-and-launching-a-central-bank-digital-currency-cbdc\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0646 &#8220;\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0643\u0633&#8221; \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0648&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote30\">30 <\/sup>\u201c\uc0bc\uc131\uc804\uc790 X \ud55c\uad6d\uc740\ud589, \u2018\uc624\ud504\ub77c\uc778 \uc911\uc559\uc740\ud589\ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ud654\ud3d0 \uae30\uc220\uc5f0\uad6c \ud611\ub825MOU\uccb4\uacb0 [Samsung Electronics, Bank of Korea, \u2018offline central bank digital currency technology research cooperation agreement\u2019],\u201d Samsung Newsroom, May 15, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.samsung.com\/kr\/\uc0bc\uc131\uc804\uc790-x-\ud55c\uad6d\uc740\ud589-\uc624\ud504\ub77c\uc778-\uc911\uc559\uc740\ud589\ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ud654\ud3d0\">https:\/\/news.samsung.com\/kr\/\uc0bc\uc131\uc804\uc790-x-\ud55c\uad6d\uc740\ud589-\uc624\ud504\ub77c\uc778-\uc911\uc559\uc740\ud589\ub514\uc9c0\ud138\ud654\ud3d0<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote31\">31 <\/sup>\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote32\">32 <\/sup>\u201cBank of Korea Act,\u201d Korea Legislation Research Institute, accessed September 26, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/elaw.klri.re.kr\/eng_service\/lawView.do?hseq=4101&amp;lang=ENG\">https:\/\/elaw.klri.re.kr\/eng_service\/lawView.do?hseq=4101&amp;lang=ENG<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote33\">33 <\/sup>\u0636\u0645\u0651 12 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064018 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064e \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064815 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 14 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 Kookmin \u0648 Shinhan\u0648 Woori \u0648 KEB Hana \u0648 Nonghyup (NH) \u0648 Busan \u0648 Daegu \u0648Kyongnam \u0648 Gwangju \u0648 Chungbuk \u0648 Suhyup\u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648 KakaoBank \u0648 K Bank. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote34\">34 <\/sup>Lee Min-hyung, \u201cKlaytn seeks to become versatile, sustainable blockchain,\u201d <em>The Korea Times<\/em>, April 8, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.koreatimes.co.kr\/www\/nation\/2023\/10\/602_347957.html\">https:\/\/www.koreatimes.co.kr\/www\/nation\/2023\/10\/602_347957.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote35\">35 <\/sup>Digital Currency Technology Team 1, \u201cCBDC \ubaa8\uc758\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uae08\uc735\uae30\uad00 \uc5f0\uacc4 \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uacb0\uacfc [CBDC simulation system financial institution linkage experiment results],\u201d The Bank of Korea, May 8, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bok.or.kr\/portal\/bbs\/P0000559\/view.do?nttId=10077218&amp;menuNo=200690&amp;pageIndex=1\">https:\/\/www.bok.or.kr\/portal\/bbs\/P0000559\/view.do?nttId=10077218&amp;menuNo=200690&amp;pageIndex=1<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote36\">36 <\/sup>BIS, \u201cCBDCs: Keeping momentum in uncertain times,\u201d YouTube, April 3, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CIkaQY8UXe8&amp;t=2s&amp;ab_channel=BankforInternationalSettlements\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CIkaQY8UXe8&amp;t=2s&amp;ab_channel=BankforInternationalSettlements<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote37\">37 <\/sup>Bank for International Settlements, \u201cCBDCs: Keeping momentum in uncertain times,\u201d YouTube, April 3, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/CIkaQY8UXe8?si=LuFLQQq-gEmx048U\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/CIkaQY8UXe8?si=LuFLQQq-gEmx048U<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote38\">38 <\/sup>\u201cProject Mandala: shaping the future of cross-border payments compliance,\u201d Bank for International Settlements, October 4, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/bisih\/topics\/cbdc\/mandala.htm\">https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/bisih\/topics\/cbdc\/mandala.htm<\/a>; \u201cBOK, FSC, and FSS, in cooperation with the BIS, have launched a project to explore a future monetary system for Korea,\u201d Bank of Korea, November 15, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bok.or.kr\/eng\/bbs\/E0000634\/view.do?nttId=10079839&amp;menuNo=400069&amp;pageIndex=1\">https:\/\/www.bok.or.kr\/eng\/bbs\/E0000634\/view.do?nttId=10079839&amp;menuNo=400069&amp;pageIndex=1<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote39\">39 <\/sup>\u201cProject Orchid,\u201d The Monetary Authority of Singapore, October 31, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mas.gov.sg\/schemes-and-initiatives\/project-orchid\">https:\/\/www.mas.gov.sg\/schemes-and-initiatives\/project-orchid<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote40\">40 <\/sup>\u201cProject Cedar: Improving Cross-Border Payments with Distributed Ledger Technology,\u201d The New York Federal Reserve Board, May 18, 2023, \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/aboutthefed\/nyic\/project-cedar\">https:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/aboutthefed\/nyic\/project-cedar<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote41\">41 <\/sup>\u201cProject Dunbar: international settlements using multi-CBDCs,\u201d Bank for International Settlements, March 22, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/othp47.htm\">https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/othp47.htm<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote42\">42 <\/sup>\u201cProject Mariana: Cross-border exchange of wholesale CBDCs using automated market-makers,\u201d Bank for International Settlements, September 28, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/othp75.htm\">https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/othp75.htm<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote43\">43 <\/sup>The Monetary Authority of Singapore, <em>Purpose Bound Money (PBM) Technical Whitepaper<\/em>, (Singapore: The Monetary Authority of Singapore, June 21, 2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mas.gov.sg\/publications\/monographs-or-information-paper\/2023\/purpose-bound-money-whitepaper\">https:\/\/www.mas.gov.sg\/publications\/monographs-or-information-paper\/2023\/purpose-bound-money-whitepaper<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote44\">44 <\/sup>Jack Schickler, \u201cQatar at \u2018Foundation Stage\u2019 of CBDC Exploration, Central Bank Governor Says,\u201d CoinDesk, June 22, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/policy\/2022\/06\/22\/qatar-at-foundation-stage-of-cbdc-exploration-governor-says\/\">https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/policy\/2022\/06\/22\/qatar-at-foundation-stage-of-cbdc-exploration-governor-says\/<\/a>; Wahid Pessarlay, \u201cQatar Central Bank governor: Qatar is in \u2018foundation stage\u2019 of CBDC exploration,\u201d CoinGeek, June 28, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/coingeek.com\/qatar-central-bank-governor-qatar-is-in-foundation-stage-of-cbdc-exploration\/\">https:\/\/coingeek.com\/qatar-central-bank-governor-qatar-is-in-foundation-stage-of-cbdc-exploration\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote45\">45 <\/sup>Selva Ozelli, \u201cQatar\u2019s National Solarized Fintech Strategy Amid COVID-19 Pandemic,\u201d CoinTelegraph, August 30, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/qatars-national-solarized-fintech-strategy-amid-covid-19-pandemic\">https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/qatars-national-solarized-fintech-strategy-amid-covid-19-pandemic<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote46\">46 <\/sup>\u201cProject Sela: an accessible and secure retail CBDC ecosystem,\u201d Bank for International Settlements, September 12, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/othp74.htm\">https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/othp74.htm<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote47\">47 <\/sup>\u201cProject Icebreaker concludes experiment for a new architecture for cross-border retail CBDCs,\u201d Bank for International Settlements, March 6, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/bisih\/topics\/cbdc\/icebreaker.htm\">https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/bisih\/topics\/cbdc\/icebreaker.htm<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote48\">48 <\/sup>Andrew Hayley, \u201cChina completes first yuan-settled LNG trade,\u201d Nasdaq, March 28, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/articles\/china-completes-first-yuan-settled-lng-trade\">https:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/articles\/china-completes-first-yuan-settled-lng-trade<\/a>.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 (CBDCs) \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":470287,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[80],"programs":[],"publication_type":[90],"class_list":["post-470316","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-80","publication_type-90","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/470316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/470287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=470316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=470316"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=470316"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=470316"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=470316"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=470316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}