{"id":470212,"date":"2023-12-31T09:11:41","date_gmt":"2023-12-31T09:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&p=470212"},"modified":"2024-07-29T08:06:59","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T08:06:59","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ba%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ba%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.7<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 8<\/sup><\/a>.2023<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0630\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a” (The Economist) \u0648”\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a” (BBC)\u0648”\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a” (Washington Post)\u0628\u0634\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646.9<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646.10<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0643\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0646” (Le Point) \u0648”\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0631\u0633” (L\u2019Express)\u00a0 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 “\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a” (Foreign Policy)\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.11<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 1 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0630\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a” \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023. \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064f \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023” \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 “\u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629” \u0648”\u0625\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646” \u0648”\u0635\u0648\u0651\u062a”.12<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0632\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 “\u0633\u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0621”.13<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 1<\/strong>: \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0630\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023”14<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2023\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0630\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2013 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u061f”15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\"\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 “\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0646” \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0640”\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631” \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 “\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0631\u0633” \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649.16<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645” \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u00a0\u0643\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646”.17<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u0651\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a “\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0637\u0641”\u060c18<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.19<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a “\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0633 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0644\u062f \u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a” (US News and World Report) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0632\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.37<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 “\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062d\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024”.38<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621\u064d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 39<\/sup><\/a>.2024<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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1 <\/sup>Nektaria Stamouli, \u201c2023\u2019s most important election: Turkey,\u201d Politico<\/em>, April 17, 2023, https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/turkey-2023-election-erdogan-kilicdaroglu\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
2 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
3 <\/sup>Cyrielle Cabot, \u201cTurkish Opposition Unites Against \u2018Weaker than Ever\u2019 Erdogan Ahead of Elections,\u201d France 24<\/em>, March 3, 2023, https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/middle-east\/20230310-turkish-opposition-unites-against-weaker-than-ever-erdogan-ahead-of-elections<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
4 <\/sup>Susan Fraser, \u201cAlliance Picks Main Opposition Leader to Run Against Erdogan,\u201d AP, March 6, 2023, https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/turkey-elections-erdogan-opposition-split-2d52c9df538ea6f1b6f915b781ef2742<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
5 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
6 <\/sup>Salim Cevik, Turkey\u2019s Upcoming Elections: A Country at a Crossroads<\/em>, Policy Analysis, (Washington D.C.: Arab Center Washington D.C., May 10, 2023), https:\/\/arabcenterdc.org\/resource\/turkeys-upcoming-elections-a-country-at-a-crossroads\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
7 <\/sup>Nailul Fathul Wafiq, \u201cTurkey\u2019s 2023 presidential election and Western Media anti-Erdogan Sentiment,\u201d Modern Diplomacy<\/em>, May 20, 2023, https:\/\/moderndiplomacy.eu\/2023\/05\/20\/turkeys-2023-presidential-election-and-western-media-anti-erdogan-sentiment\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
8 <\/sup>E. Irem Az, \u201cOur dead are looking at us \u2014The February 6 Twin Earthquakes and the Disaster of Erdogan\u2019s \u2018New Turkey,\u2019\u201d Jadaliyya<\/em>, June 29, 2023, https:\/\/www.jadaliyya.com\/Details\/45167\/Our-dead-are-looking-at-us-%E2%80%93-The-February-6-twin-earthquakes-and-the-disaster-of-Erdo%C4%9Fan%E2%80%99s-New-Turkey<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
9 <\/sup>Wafiq, \u201cTurkey\u2019s 2023 presidential election.\u201d<\/h6>\n
10 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
11 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
12 <\/sup>\u201cWestern Media Under Fire for Biased Rhetoric on Erdogan,\u201d Middle East Monitor,<\/em> May 10, 2023, https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20230510-western-media-under-fire-for-biased-rhetoric-on-erdogan\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
13 <\/sup>\u201cIf Turkey sacks its strongman, democrats everywhere should take heart,\u201d The Economist<\/em>, May 4, 2023,\u00a0 https:\/\/www.economist.com\/leaders\/2023\/05\/04\/if-turkey-sacks-its-strongman-democrats-everywhere-should-take-heart<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
14 <\/sup>Middle East Monitor, \u201cWestern Media Under Fire.\u201d<\/h6>\n
15 <\/sup>\u201cOn Turkey, immigration, Sweden, the UN, Colombia, LED lighting, tasty chicken,\u201d The Economist, <\/em>June 24, 2013, https:\/\/www.economist.com\/letters\/2013\/06\/22\/on-turkey-immigration-sweden-the-un-colombia-led-lighting-tasty-chicken<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
16 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
17<\/sup>Alec Luhn, \u201cExclusive: The Man Who Could Beat Erdogan,\u201d TIME<\/em>, April 27, 2023, https:\/\/time.com\/6274645\/exclusive-kemal-kilicdaroglu-turkey-election\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
18 <\/sup>\u201cErdogan\u2019s Rival Kilicdaroglu to Seek Softer Foreign Touch,\u201d Euractiv.Com<\/em> with Reuters, May 11, 2023, https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/erdogans-rival-kilicdaroglu-to-seek-softer-foreign-touch\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
19<\/sup> Middle East Monitor, \u201cWestern Media Under Fire.\u201d<\/h6>\n
20 <\/sup>Alan Mikhail, \u201cWhy Recep Tayyip Erdogan\u2019s Love Affair with the Ottoman Empire Should Worry the World,\u201d Time<\/em>, September 3, 2020, https:\/\/time.com\/5885650\/erdogans-ottoman-worry-world\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
21 <\/sup>BBC Select, \u201cTurkey: Empire of Erdogan\u201d | BBC Select,\u201d YouTube, \u00a0May 9, 2023, 9 p.m. GMT, \u00a0https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/iplayer\/episodes\/p0d9cf3b\/turkey-empire-of-erdogan<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
22 <\/sup>Simon Tisdall, \u201cTurkey\u2019s two-faced \u2018sultan\u2019 is no friend of the West. It\u2019s time to play hardball,\u201d The Guardian, <\/em>February 5, 2023,\u00a0https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2023\/feb\/05\/turkeys-two-faced-sultan-is-no-friend-of-the-west-its-time-to-play-hardball<\/a>.<\/u><\/h6>\n
23 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
24 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
25 <\/sup>\u201cTurkey could be on the brink of dictatorship,\u201d The Economist,<\/em> January 19, 2023, https:\/\/www.economist.com\/leaders\/2023\/01\/19\/turkey-could-be-on-the-brink-of-dictatorship<\/a>.<\/u><\/h6>\n
26 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
27 <\/sup>\u201cErdogan: Turkey\u2019s mercurial \u2018chief\u2019 in fight of political life,\u201d France 24, <\/em>March 10, 2023, https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/live-news\/20230310-erdogan-turkey-s-mercurial-chief-in-fight-of-political-life<\/a>.<\/u><\/h6>\n
28 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
29 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
30 <\/sup>Miriam Berger and Claire Parker, \u201cAre Turkey\u2019s elections free and fair? Here\u2019s what to know,\u201d Washington Post, <\/em>May 28, 2023, https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2023\/05\/12\/turkey-election-free-fair-vote-erdogan\/<\/a>.<\/u><\/h6>\n
31 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
32 <\/sup>Guney Yildiz, \u201cIt\u2019s Not The Economy, Stupid: Why Turkish Elections Are About More Than Money,\u201d Forbes<\/em>, March 31, 2023, https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/guneyyildiz\/2023\/03\/31\/its-not-the-economy-stupid-why-turkish-elections-are-about-more-than-money\/?sh=5d9b9a73ae2a<\/a>.<\/u><\/h6>\n
33 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
2.15.0.0<\/h6>\n
2.15.0.0<\/h6>\n
34<\/sup> \u201cTurkey Quake: President Erdogan Accepts Some Problems with Response,\u201d BBC<\/em>, February 8, 2023, https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-64577371<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
35<\/sup> Middle East Monitor, \u201cWestern Media Under Fire.\u201d<\/h6>\n
36<\/sup> Benjamin Weinthal, \u201cIs Turkey Russia\u2019s Secret Weapon Inside NATO?,\u201d Fox News<\/em>, May 20, 2022, https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/politics\/turkey-russias-secret-weapon-inside-nato<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
37 <\/sup>Steve Holland, \u201cTurkey\u2019s Erdogan Wishes Biden Best of Luck in his 2024 Re-Election Bid,\u201d US News and World Report<\/em>, July 11, 2023, https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2023-07-11\/turkeys-erdogan-wishes-biden-best-of-luck-in-2024-re-election-bid<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
38\u00a0<\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
39 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n
40 <\/sup>Caitlin McFall, \u201cTurkey to Advance Sweden NATO Bid Says Stoltenberg,\u201d Fox News<\/em>, July 10, 2023, https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/turkey-to-advance-sweden-nato-bid-says-stoltenberg<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
41 <\/sup>Zeena Saifi, \u201cTurkey eyes recalibration with the West as Russia\u2019s isolation grows,\u201d CNN<\/em>, July 13, 2023, https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/07\/12\/middleeast\/turkey-west-nato-recalibrate-mime-intl\/index.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n
42<\/sup> Ibid.<\/h6>\n
43<\/sup> McFall, \u201cTurkey to Advance Sweden NATO Bid.\u201d<\/h6>\n
44 <\/sup>Asli Ayadintasbas and Jeremy Shapiro, How the West should prepare for the Turkish elections,<\/em> Commentary, (Berlin, Germany: European Council on Foreign Relations, April 25, 2023), https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/article\/how-the-west-should-prepare-for-the-turkish-elections\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n

 <\/p>\n

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