{"id":469580,"date":"2023-08-29T12:12:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T12:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=469580"},"modified":"2024-02-10T10:34:31","modified_gmt":"2024-02-10T10:34:31","slug":"%d9%83%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d9%83%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a: \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 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\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote55\"><sup>55<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f.<a href=\"#endnote56\"><sup>56<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0646.<a href=\"#endnote57\"><sup>57<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627.<a href=\"#endnote58\"><sup>58<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup>Keith Park, \u201cSaudi Arabia, South Korea Sign Deals Worth $30bn During Crown Prince\u2019s Visit,\u201d <em>Arab News<\/em>, November 18, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2201356\/business-economy\">https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2201356\/business-economy<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup>Julian Ryall\u00a0Tokyo, \u201cCan Japan Overhaul its Pacifist Constitution?\u201d\u00a0<em>DW<\/em>, November 7, 2022,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/japan-can-kishida-push-through-shinzo-abes-goal-of-constitutional-reform\/a-62435719\">https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/japan-can-kishida-push-through-shinzo-abes-goal-of-constitutional-reform\/a-62435719<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup>3 <\/sup>Hee Soo Lee, <em>1,500 Years of Contact between Korea and the Middle East<\/em>, Essay, (Washington D.C.: Middle East Institute<em>, <\/em>June 7, 2014), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/1500-years-contact-between-korea-and-middle-east\">https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/1500-years-contact-between-korea-and-middle-east<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup>Alon Levkowitz. \u201cThe Republic of Korea and the Middle East: Economics, Diplomacy, and Security,\u201d <em>Korea Economic Institute<\/em> <em>Academic Paper Series<\/em> 6, no. 5 (August 2010), pg 4, <a href=\"http:\/\/keia.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/APS-Levkowitz-FINAL%202010(MYM).pdf\">http:\/\/keia.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/APS-Levkowitz-FINAL%202010(MYM).pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">See also: Chung In Moon, \u201cKorean Contractors in Saudi Arabia: Their Rise and Fall,\u201d <em>Middle East Journal<\/em> 40, no. 4 (1986): 614\u201333.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup>Chung In Moon, \u201cKorean Contractors,\u201d 618-619.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup>Alon Levkowitz, \u201cKorea and the Middle East Turmoil: a Reassessment of South Korea\u2013Middle East Relations,\u201d\u00a0<em>The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis<\/em>\u00a024, no. 2 (2012): 227-228.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup>Hyunho Seok, \u201cKorean Migrant Workers to the Middle East,\u201d in\u00a0<em>Migration to the Arab World: Experience of Returning Migrants<\/em>, ed. Godfrey Gunatilleke (UN University Press, 1991), 56-58.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup>Amena Bakr &amp; Cho Mee-young, \u201cSouth Korea Wins Landmark Gulf Nuclear Power Deal,\u201d Reuters, December 27, 2009, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-emirates-korea-nuclear\/south-korea-wins-landmark-gulf-nuclear-power-deal-idUSLDE5BQ05O20091227\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-emirates-korea-nuclear\/south-korea-wins-landmark-gulf-nuclear-power-deal-idUSLDE5BQ05O20091227<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup>\u201cSouth Korea Unwinds Crude Import Diversification Strategy as Middle East Dependence Grows,\u201d <em>S&amp;P Global Commodity Insights,<\/em> June 29, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/commodityinsights\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/oil\/062922-south-korea-unwinds-crude-import-diversification-strategy-as-middle-east-dependence-grows\">https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/commodityinsights\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/oil\/062922-south-korea-unwinds-crude-import-diversification-strategy-as-middle-east-dependence-grows<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup>Kim Yon Se, \u201cMiddle East Contributes Most to Korea\u2019s Trade Deficit,\u201d <em>The Korea Herald<\/em>, August 3, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.koreaherald.com\/view.php?ud=20220803000642\">https:\/\/www.koreaherald.com\/view.php?ud=20220803000642<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup>Drawn from \u201cTrade Statistics,\u201d <em>Korea Customs Service, <\/em>accessed September 27, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/unipass.customs.go.kr\/ets\/index_eng.do\">https:\/\/unipass.customs.go.kr\/ets\/index_eng.do<\/a>\/<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup>14 <\/sup>Chung In Moon, \u201cKorean Contractors.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup>Levkowitz, \u201cMiddle East Policy,\u201d 10-11.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup>Jang Ji-Hyang and Joseph K\u00e9chichian, \u201cUncovering a Global Reputation: The ROK\u2019s Stabilization Policy and Development Model in the Middle East and North Africa,\u201d <em>The Asan Institute for Policy Studies<\/em>, July 23, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.asaninst.org\/contents\/uncovering-a-global-reputation-the-roks-stabilization-policy-and-development-model-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa\/#a8\">https:\/\/en.asaninst.org\/contents\/uncovering-a-global-reputation-the-roks-stabilization-policy-and-development-model-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa\/#a8<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup>\u201cAfter 12 Years, Korean Medical Unit Departs UN Mission in Western Sahara,\u201d <em>UN News<\/em>, May 15, 2006, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2006\/05\/178832\">https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2006\/05\/178832<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup>Ahn Sung-Mi, \u201cCheonghae, Korea\u2019s First Overseas anti-Piracy Unit,\u201d <em>The Korea Herald<\/em>, January 21, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.koreaherald.com\/view.php?ud=20200121000803\">https:\/\/www.koreaherald.com\/view.php?ud=20200121000803<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup>Hae Won Jeong, \u201cWhat Are the Implications of South Korea\u2019s Decision to Send a Naval Unit to the Strait of Hormuz?\u201d <em>The Diplomat<\/em>, January 28, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2020\/01\/what-are-the-implications-of-south-koreas-decision-to-send-a-naval-unit-to-the-strait-of-hormuz\/\">https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2020\/01\/what-are-the-implications-of-south-koreas-decision-to-send-a-naval-unit-to-the-strait-of-hormuz\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup>Kathleen J. McInnis, \u201cCoalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State,\u201d <em>CRS Report<\/em> 7-5700, Congressional Research Service, August 24, 2016, <a href=\"https:\/\/sgp.fas.org\/crs\/natsec\/R44135.pdf\">https:\/\/sgp.fas.org\/crs\/natsec\/R44135.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup>Andy Hong, \u201c2022 in Review: South Korean Arms Exports,\u201d <em>Korea Economic Institute<\/em>, December 22, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/keia.org\/the-peninsula\/2022-in-review-south-korean-arms-exports\/\">https:\/\/keia.org\/the-peninsula\/2022-in-review-south-korean-arms-exports\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup>Aaron O\u2019Neill, \u201cMENA Region: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2022, by Country,\u201d <em>Statista<\/em>, May 4, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/804761\/gdp-of-the-mena-countries\/\">https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/804761\/gdp-of-the-mena-countries\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup>Gulnara Nilovna Valiakhmetova and Irina Alexandrovna Musinova, \u201cSouth Korea\u2019s Middle East Policy: UAE\u2019s Case,\u201d <em>European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences<\/em>, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/351648182_South_Korea'S_Middle_East_Policy_Uae'S_Case\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/351648182_South_Korea&#8217;S_Middle_East_Policy_Uae&#8217;S_Case<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup>Hae Won Jeong, \u201cBeyond Resource Diplomacy and Economic Statecraft: UAE-ROK Relations in the 21st Century,\u201d <em>Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies,<\/em> Volume 13, Issue 2 (2019), 226\u2013245.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup>25 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup>June Park and Ali Ahmad, \u201cRisky Business: South Korea\u2019s Secret Military Deal With UAE,\u201d <em>The Diplomat<\/em>, March 1, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2018\/03\/risky-business-south-koreas-secret-military-deal-with-uae\/\">https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2018\/03\/risky-business-south-koreas-secret-military-deal-with-uae\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup>Jang Ji-Hyang and Joseph K\u00e9chichian. \u201cUncovering a Global Reputation: The ROK\u2019s Stabilization Policy and Development Model in the Middle East and North Africa,\u201d <em>Issue Brief<\/em>, The Asan Institute for Policy Studies, July 23, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.asaninst.org\/contents\/uncovering-a-global-reputation-the-roks-stabilization-policy-and-development-model-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa\/#a8\">https:\/\/en.asaninst.org\/contents\/uncovering-a-global-reputation-the-roks-stabilization-policy-and-development-model-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa\/#a8<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup>Zi-Hoon Lee and So-Hyeon Kim, \u201cS.Korea to Bid for Saudi Arabia&#8217;s $10 bn Nuclear Plant Order,\u201d <em>The Korea Economic Daily<\/em>, May 31, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kedglobal.com\/energy\/newsView\/ked202205310016\">https:\/\/www.kedglobal.com\/energy\/newsView\/ked202205310016<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup>Deena Saleh, \u201cSouth Korea in the Middle East: More than Usual Business,\u201d <em>Politics Today<\/em>, April 19, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/politicstoday.org\/south-korea-in-the-middle-east-more-than-usual-business\/\">https:\/\/politicstoday.org\/south-korea-in-the-middle-east-more-than-usual-business\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote30\">30 <\/sup>Jongryn Mo, \u201cSouth Korea\u2019s Middle Power Diplomacy: A Case of Growing Compatibility Between Regional and Global Roles,\u201d <em>International Journal<\/em>\u00a071, no. 4 (December 2016): 587-607.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote31\">31 <\/sup>Ibid.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote32\">32 <\/sup>\u201cSaudi Arabia and South Korea: A Fruitful and Enduring Partnership,\u201d <em>Arab News<\/em>, November 18, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2201486\/world\">https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2201486\/world<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"sconnect-is-installed\" style=\"display: none; text-align: left;\">2.15.0.0<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"sconnect-is-installed\" style=\"display: none; text-align: left;\">2.15.0.0<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote33\">33<\/sup> Ludovica Castelli, \u201cWhy Does Saudi Arabia Want to Acquire the Nuclear Fuel Cycle?,\u201d Stimson Center, March 3, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stimson.org\/2023\/why-does-saudi-arabia-want-to-acquire-the-nuclear-fuel-cycle\/\">https:\/\/www.stimson.org\/2023\/why-does-saudi-arabia-want-to-acquire-the-nuclear-fuel-cycle\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote34\">34<\/sup> &#8220;Nuclear Fuel Assemblies for the UAE,\u201d Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation, accessed August 15, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enec.gov.ae\/discover\/fueling-the-barakah-plant\/nuclear-fuel-assemblies-for-the-uae\/\">https:\/\/www.enec.gov.ae\/discover\/fueling-the-barakah-plant\/nuclear-fuel-assemblies-for-the-uae\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote35\">35<\/sup> \u201cAs Blinken Visits, Top Saudi Diplomat Says Kingdom Seeks US Nuclear Aid but \u2018Others\u2019 Also Bidding,\u201d Associated Press, June 8, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/us-saudi-blinken-gulf-politics-fcc090e6499fa98013e4d70d3c1e3805\">https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/us-saudi-blinken-gulf-politics-fcc090e6499fa98013e4d70d3c1e3805<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote36\">36 <\/sup>Asmahan Qarjouli, \u201cQatar and South Korea: a Long History of Energy Ties,\u201d <em>Doha News, <\/em>March 19, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/dohanews.co\/qatar-and-south-korea-a-long-history-of-energy-ties\/\">https:\/\/dohanews.co\/qatar-and-south-korea-a-long-history-of-energy-ties\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote37\">37<\/sup> Lalin Fernandopulle, \u201cQatar- Korea Trade will Hit New Highs Soon: Korean Ambassador,\u201d <em>The Peninsula<\/em>, October 28, 2022, \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/28\/10\/2022\/qatar-korea-trade-will-hit-new-highs-soon-korean-ambassador#:~:text=Qatar%20is%20the%20largest%20LNG,beginning%20diplomatic%20ties%2C%20Lee%20said\">https:\/\/thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/28\/10\/2022\/qatar-korea-trade-will-hit-new-highs-soon-korean-ambassador#:~:text=Qatar%20is%20the%20largest%20LNG,beginning%20diplomatic%20ties%2C%20Lee%20said<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote38\">38 <\/sup>\u201cSouth Korea Signs 20-year LNG Deal with Qatar,\u201d <em>Reuters<\/em>, July 12, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/south-korea-signs-20-year-lng-deal-with-qatar-2021-07-12\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/south-korea-signs-20-year-lng-deal-with-qatar-2021-07-12\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote39\">39<\/sup> Peter Alagos, \u201cSouth Korea Eyes Expanding Qatar Economic Ties via High-Level Exchanges, Various Projects, says Envoy,\u201d <em>Gulf Time<\/em>s, January 20, 2023 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gulf-times.com\/article\/653712\/business\/south-korea-eyes-expanding-qatar-economic-ties-via-high-level-exchanges-various-projects-says-envoy\">https:\/\/www.gulf-times.com\/article\/653712\/business\/south-korea-eyes-expanding-qatar-economic-ties-via-high-level-exchanges-various-projects-says-envoy<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote40\">40<\/sup> \u201cQatarEnergy Selects Samsung C&amp;T to Build Solar Plants in Qatar,\u201d <em>Power Technology,<\/em> August 24, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.power-technology.com\/news\/qatarenergy-samsung-solar\/\">https:\/\/www.power-technology.com\/news\/qatarenergy-samsung-solar\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote41\">41<\/sup> Munsu Kang, Ryou Kwang Ho and Jieun Lee, \u201c\uce74\ud0c0\ub974\uc758 \uc9c0\uc18d\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc131\uc7a5 \uae30\ubc18 2022 \uc138\uacc4\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc804\ub7b5\uc5f0\uad6c \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc988 \uad6c\ucd95 \uc804\ub7b5\uacfc \ud611\ub825 \uc2dc\uc0ac\uc810 (Sustainable Growth Strategy of Qatar and Implications for Cooperation),\u201d <em>KIEP Research Paper Series,<\/em> 22-01, March 6, 2023, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP), <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4379059\">https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4379059<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote42\">42<\/sup> Korean Middle East Expert, interview by author, Seoul, South Korea, July 6, 2023.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote43\">43<\/sup> &#8220;Republic of Korea-Gulf Cooperation Council Free Trade Agreement,\u201d Asia Regional Integration Center (Asia Development Bank), accessed March 9, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/aric.adb.org\/fta\/korea-gulf-cooperation-council-free-trade-agreement\">https:\/\/aric.adb.org\/fta\/korea-gulf-cooperation-council-free-trade-agreement<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote44\">44 <\/sup>\u201c4th Round of Korea-GCC FTA Negotiations,\u201d Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, March 31, 2022,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/english.motie.go.kr\/en\/pc\/pressreleases\/bbs\/bbsView.do?bbs_cd_n=2&amp;bbs_seq_n=946\">https:\/\/english.motie.go.kr\/en\/pc\/pressreleases\/bbs\/bbsView.do?bbs_cd_n=2&amp;bbs_seq_n=946<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote45\">45<\/sup> \u201cGCC, Republic of Korea Conclude 5th Round of FTA Negotiations,\u201d <em>Saudi Press Agency<\/em>, June 9, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spa.gov.sa\/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&amp;newsid=2361359\">https:\/\/www.spa.gov.sa\/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&amp;newsid=2361359<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote46\">46<\/sup> \u201cSaudi Negotiating Team Prepares for GCC Free Trade Talks with South Korea,\u201d <em>Arab News<\/em>, October 21, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2185156\/saudi-arabia\">https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/2185156\/saudi-arabia<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote47\">47 <\/sup>\u201cKorea, Arab Nations to Hold New Round of FTA Talks,\u201d <em>Korea JoongAng Daily<\/em>, February 14, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/koreajoongangdaily.joins.com\/2023\/02\/14\/national\/diplomacy\/gcc-korea-fta\/20230214095522777.html\">https:\/\/koreajoongangdaily.joins.com\/2023\/02\/14\/national\/diplomacy\/gcc-korea-fta\/20230214095522777.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote48\">48<\/sup> Charles Lee and Philip Vahn, \u201cSouth Korea, GCC Agree to Discuss FTA to Reduce Crude Trading Costs,\u201d <em>S&amp;P Global Commodity Insights<\/em>, January 20, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/commodityinsights\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/oil\/012022-south-korea-gcc-agree-to-discuss-fta-to-reduce-crude-trading-costs\">https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/commodityinsights\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/oil\/012022-south-korea-gcc-agree-to-discuss-fta-to-reduce-crude-trading-costs<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote49\">49<\/sup> Saurabh Sinha, \u201cCentre Hails \u2018Remarkable Utilisation\u2019 of India-UAE Free Trade Pact,\u201d <em>The Times of India<\/em>, May 1, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/centre-hails-remarkable-utilisation-of-india-uae-free-trade-pact\/articleshow\/99914925.cms?from=mdr\">https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/centre-hails-remarkable-utilisation-of-india-uae-free-trade-pact\/articleshow\/99914925.cms?from=mdr<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote50\">50<\/sup> Alexander Cornwell, \u201cUAE, South Korea to Launch Free Trade Talks,\u201d Reuters, October 14, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/uae-south-korea-agree-talks-trade-deal-2021-10-14\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/uae-south-korea-agree-talks-trade-deal-2021-10-14\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote51\">51<\/sup> \u201cUAE Announces Deals with South Korea as President Yoon Suk Yeol Shows Support for Emirates,\u201d <em>The National<\/em>, January 15, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/2023\/01\/15\/south-korean-president-on-uae-ties-energy-security-and-k-pop\/\">https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/government\/2023\/01\/15\/south-korean-president-on-uae-ties-energy-security-and-k-pop\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote52\">52 <\/sup>\u201cUnited Arab Emirates Country Commercial Guide,\u201d export.gov, accessed August 15, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.export.gov\/apex\/article2?id=United-Arab-Emirates-Automotive#:~:text=Tariffs%3A%20The%20tariff%20applied%20to,customs%20duty%20is%2012%20percent\">https:\/\/www.export.gov\/apex\/article2?id=United-Arab-Emirates-Automotive#:~:text=Tariffs%3A%20The%20tariff%20applied%20to,customs%20duty%20is%2012%20percent<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote53\">53<\/sup> \u201cQatarEnergy&#8217;s QR2.3bn Solar Project Awarded to Samsung Qatar,\u201d <em>Gulf Times, <\/em>August 23, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gulf-times.com\/story\/723118\/qatarenergys-qr23bn-solar-project-awarded-to-samsung-qatar\">https:\/\/www.gulf-times.com\/story\/723118\/qatarenergys-qr23bn-solar-project-awarded-to-samsung-qatar<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote54\">54<\/sup> Adel Abdel Ghafar and Abdullah Baabood, eds., <em>Asia in the GCC: A New Strategic Partner?<\/em> (Middle East Council on Global Affairs, 2023), <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication\/asia-in-the-gcc-a-new-strategic-partner\/\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication\/asia-in-the-gcc-a-new-strategic-partner\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote55\">55<\/sup> \u201cSeoul\u2019s New National Security Strategy Flips the Script Korean Style,\u201d Australian Strategic Policy Institute, accessed August 15, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.org.au\/seouls-new-national-security-strategy-flips-the-script-korean-style\/\">https:\/\/www.aspistrategist.org.au\/seouls-new-national-security-strategy-flips-the-script-korean-style\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote56\">56<\/sup> \u201cStrategy for a Free, Peaceful, and Prosperous Indo-Pacific Region,\u201d Republic of Korea\u2019s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed August 15, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofa.go.kr\/eng\/brd\/m_5676\/view.do?seq=322133\">https:\/\/www.mofa.go.kr\/eng\/brd\/m_5676\/view.do?seq=322133<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote57\">57<\/sup> Rory Miller, \u201cAsian Powers in the Gulf Maritime Domain: the Arab Gulf Perspective,\u201d in <em>Asia in the GCC: A New Strategic Partner?<\/em>, eds. Adel Abdel Ghafar and Abdullah Baabood (Middle East Council on Global Affairs, 2023), 15, <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/MECGA_Dossier-1_Final_WEB.pdf#page=18\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/MECGA_Dossier-1_Final_WEB.pdf#page=18<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup id=\"endnote58\">58<\/sup> MENA Maritime Security Expert, interview by author, Doha, Qatar, August 15, 2023.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2022. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 30 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":469579,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[113],"programs":[],"publication_type":[90],"class_list":["post-469580","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-113","publication_type-90","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/469580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/469579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=469580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=469580"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=469580"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=469580"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=469580"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=469580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}