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data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/551;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 5: \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-468798 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-5_Arabic-1024x753.png\" alt=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\" width=\"750\" height=\"552\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-5_Arabic-1024x753.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-5_Arabic-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-5_Arabic-768x565.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-5_Arabic-1536x1129.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-5_Arabic-1568x1153.png 1568w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-5_Arabic.png 1594w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/552;\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote31\"><sup>31<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: 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https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-8_Arabic-1536x1129.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-8_Arabic-1568x1152.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-8_Arabic.jpg 1595w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/551;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 9: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-468806 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-9_Arabic-1024x752.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\" width=\"750\" height=\"551\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-9_Arabic-1024x752.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-9_Arabic-300x220.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-9_Arabic-768x564.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-9_Arabic-1536x1129.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Analysis-Paper-1_Figure-9_Arabic-1568x1152.png 1568w, 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\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup>Jessie Williams, Sarah Habershon, and Becky Dale, \u201cArabs Believe Economy is Weak Under Democracy,\u201d July 6, 2022, Arab Barometer, https:\/\/www.arabbarometer.org\/media-news\/arabs-believe-economy-is-weak-under-democracy\/.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2 <\/sup> World Bank World Development Indicator (WDI) Database, \u201cGDP growth (annual %) &#8211; Middle East &amp; North Africa,\u201d accessed April 2, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=ZQ\">https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=ZQ<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3 <\/sup> Lydia Assouad, \u201cInequality and Its Discontents in the Middle East,\u201d Carnegie Middle East Center<em>, <\/em>March 12, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2020\/03\/12\/inequality-and-its-discontents-in-middle-east-pub-81266\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2020\/03\/12\/inequality-and-its-discontents-in-middle-east-pub-81266<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup> World Bank, \u201cWorldwide Governance Indicators,\u201d Interactive Data Access, accessed November 10, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/info.worldbank.org\/governance\/wgi\/Home\/Reports\">https:\/\/info.worldbank.org\/governance\/wgi\/Home\/Reports<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5 <\/sup> World Bank, \u201cWorldwide Governance Indicators,\u201d Documentation, accessed November 10, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/info.worldbank.org\/governance\/wgi\/Home\/Documents#wgiDataSources\">https:\/\/info.worldbank.org\/governance\/wgi\/Home\/Documents#wgiDataSources<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6 <\/sup> Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi, <em>The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues<\/em>, Analysis Paper, (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, September 2010), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/09_wgi_kaufmann.pdf\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/09_wgi_kaufmann.pdf<\/a>; Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi, <em>The Worldwide Governance Indicators Project: Answering the Critics<\/em>, Policy Research Working Paper 4149, (Washington, DC: World Bank, March 2007), <a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/acb720f6-846e-5fa3-8ca7-67c65b3ece1a\/content\">https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/acb720f6-846e-5fa3-8ca7-67c65b3ece1a\/content<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7 <\/sup> For example, see Stephen Knack, ed., <em>Democracy, Governance and Growth <\/em>(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003); See also Philip Keefer, <em>A Review of the Political Economy of Governance: From Property Rights to Voice<\/em> (Washington DC: World Bank Group, May 2004), <a href=\"http:\/\/web.worldbank.org\/archive\/website01241\/WEB\/IMAGES\/13153132.PDF\">http:\/\/web.worldbank.org\/archive\/website01241\/WEB\/IMAGES\/13153132.PDF<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8 <\/sup> World Bank, \u201cWorldwide Governance Indicators;\u201d Haver Analytics Database, accessed November 10, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.haver.com\/\">https:\/\/www.haver.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9 <\/sup> Daniel Kaufmann, \u201cIt\u2019s Complicated: Lessons from 25 Years of Measuring Governance,\u201d <em>Brookings Future Development<\/em> (blog), September 30, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/future-development\/2021\/09\/30\/its-complicated-lessons-from-25-years-of-measuring-governance\/\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/future-development\/2021\/09\/30\/its-complicated-lessons-from-25-years-of-measuring-governance\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10 <\/sup> Rock-Antoine Mehanna, Yousef Yazbeck, and Leyla Sarieddine, \u201cGovernance and Economic Development in MENA Countries: Does Oil Affect the Presence of a Virtuous Circle?\u201d <em>Journal of Transnational Management<\/em> 15, no. 2 (June 2010): 117-150, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15475778.2010.481250\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15475778.2010.481250<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11 <\/sup> Noha Emara and Ming Chiu, \u201cThe Impact of Governance on Economic Growth: The Case of Middle Eastern and North African Countries,\u201d <em>Topics in Middle Eastern and African Economies,<\/em> 18, no. 1 (May 2016), <a href=\"https:\/\/ecommons.luc.edu\/meea\/231\/\">https:\/\/ecommons.luc.edu\/meea\/231\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12 <\/sup> Xuehui Han, Haider Khan, and Juzhong Zhuang, \u201cDo Governance Indicators Explain Development Performance? A Cross-Country Analysis,\u201d <em>ADB Economics Working Paper Series<\/em>, No. 417, November 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adb.org\/publications\/do-governance-indicators-explain-development-performance-cross-country-analysis\">https:\/\/www.adb.org\/publications\/do-governance-indicators-explain-development-performance-cross-country-analysis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13 <\/sup> Tharanga Samarasinghe, \u201cImpact of Governance on Economic Growth,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/\"><em>Munich Personal RePEc Archive<\/em><\/a><em> (MPRA)<\/em>, November 3, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/89834\/\">https:\/\/mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/89834\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote14\">14 <\/sup> Eve Medina-Moral and Vincente J. Montes-Gan, \u201cEconomic freedom, good governance and the dynamics of development,\u201d <em>Journal of Applied Economics<\/em> 21, no. 1 (November 2018): 44-66, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15140326.2018.1526873\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15140326.2018.1526873<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup> \u201cEven taking for granted that governments must be committed to improve all components of the institutional framework, our results show that there is a sequence of institutional development. A country needs to ameliorate some basic institutions before it can improve others, despite their importance. For instance, the priority for the less developed countries must be economic freedom.\u201d See Medina-Moral and Montes-Gan, \u201cEconomic freedom,\u201d 64.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote16\">16 <\/sup> Maryam Al-Naser and Allam Hamdan, \u201cThe Impact of Public Governance on Economic Growth: Evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council Countries,\u201d <em>Economics &amp; Sociology<\/em> 14, no. 2 (December 2019): 85-110, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14254\/2071-789X.2021\/14-2\/5\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14254\/2071-789X.2021\/14-2\/5<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote17\">17 <\/sup> Han, Khan, and Zhuang, \u201cDo Governance Indicators Explain Development Performance.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote18\">18 <\/sup> Ibid., 18.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote19\">19 <\/sup> Zhuo Zhang, Sultan Musaad O. Almalki, Muhammad Bashir, and Khan Sher, \u201cUnderlying the Relationship Between Governance and Economic Growth in Developed Countries,\u201d <em>Journal of the Knowledge Economy <\/em>12, (June 2021): 1314-1330, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13132-020-00658-w\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13132-020-00658-w<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote20\">20 <\/sup>\u00a0 Fadi Fawaz, Anis Mnif, and Ani Popiashvili, \u201cImpact of Governance on Economic Growth in Developing Countries: A Case of HIDC vs. LIDC,\u201d <em>Journal of Social and Economic Development<\/em> 23 (June 2021): 44-58, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40847-021-00149-x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40847-021-00149-x<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote21\">21 <\/sup> Han, Khan, and Zhuang, \u201cDo Governance Indicators Explain Development Performance,\u201d 18.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote22\">22 <\/sup>\u00a0 Noa Emara and Eric Jhonsa, \u201cGovernance and Economic Growth: Interpretations for MENA Countries,\u201d <em>Topics in Middle Eastern and African Economies<\/em> 16 no. 2 (September 2014): 164, <a href=\"https:\/\/ecommons.luc.edu\/meea\/199\/\">https:\/\/ecommons.luc.edu\/meea\/199\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote23\">23 <\/sup> Emara and Chiu, \u201cThe Impact of Governance on Economic Growth,\u201d 136.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote24\">24 <\/sup> Mehanna, Yazbeck, and Sarieddine, \u201cGovernance and Economic Development in MENA Countries,\u201d 145.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup>\u00a0 On the correlation between indicators, see Isabel Gallego-\u00c1lvarez, Miguel Rodriguez-Rosa, and Purificaci\u00f3n Vicente-Galindo, \u201cAre Worldwide Governance Indicators Stable or Do They Change Over Time? A comparative Study Using Multivariate Analyses,\u201d <em>Mathematics<\/em> 9, no. 24 (December 2021), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/math9243257\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/math9243257<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote26\">26 <\/sup>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646: -1 \u06481).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote27\">27 <\/sup>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a. \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote28\">28 <\/sup> World Bank, \u201cWorldwide Governance Indicators;\u201d Haver Analytics Database.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote29\">29 <\/sup> I \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 &#8220;\u0644\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 &#8220;\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628&#8221;. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<br \/>\nLegatum Institute, Changes Made Since 2020 Index: Summary of Indicator Details, Study, (London, UK: Legatum Institute, 2021), 29, <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.prosperity.com\/3716\/3643\/5991\/The_2021_Methodology_-_Part_3_-_Sources_And_Indicators.pdf.\">https:\/\/docs.prosperity.com\/3716\/3643\/5991\/The_2021_Methodology_-_Part_3_-_Sources_And_Indicators.pdf.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote30\">30 <\/sup> World Bank, \u201cWorldwide Governance Indicators;\u201d Haver Analytics Database.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote31\">31 <\/sup> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote32\">32 <\/sup> Ibid.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":468763,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[113,80],"programs":[],"publication_type":[387],"class_list":["post-468767","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-113","geographic_area-80","publication_type-387","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/468767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468763"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=468767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=468767"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=468767"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=468767"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=468767"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=468767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}