{"id":468399,"date":"2023-02-28T08:25:59","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T08:25:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=468399"},"modified":"2024-08-04T08:34:00","modified_gmt":"2024-08-04T08:34:00","slug":"%d9%83%d8%b3%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d9%83%d8%b3%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW212749284 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u062e\u0637\u0631<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0641\u064a<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW212749284 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW212749284 BCX0\">: <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0629<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0641\u064a<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064d<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0645\u0646<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW212749284 BCX0\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0641\u064a<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0641\u064a<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0638\u0644<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0639\u062c\u0632<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0639\u0646<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0641\u064a<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0645\u0627<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0645\u0646<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW212749284 BCX0\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW212749284 BCX0\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW212749284 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: \u064a\u0631\u0632\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a<a href=\"#endnote1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a> \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 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\u0639\u0627\u0645 2021. <a href=\"#endnote11\" name=\"_ednref2\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"102\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"218\">\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td width=\"364\">\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647).<a href=\"#endnote19\"><sup>19<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content lazyload\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" data-src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/12950026\/embed#?secret=8EB9EzUEIK\" data-secret=\"8EB9EzUEIK\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"700\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Deep Knowledge Analytics, 2022.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0640&#8221;Deep Knowledge Analytics&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote20\"><sup>20<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote26\"><sup>26<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content lazyload\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" data-src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/12950023\/embed#?secret=MNxKr7EexW\" data-secret=\"MNxKr7EexW\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"700\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: World Resources Institute, 2020.\u00a0<a style=\"font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base); text-decoration-style: dotted; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; text-align: justify;\" href=\"#endnote27\"><sup>27<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a.<a href=\"#endnote55\"><sup>55<\/sup><\/a> \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0641\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#endnote56\"><sup>56<\/sup><\/a> \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u063a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cWhat is Food Insecurity?,\u201d Mckinsey &amp; Company, August 17, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/featured-insights\/mckinsey-explainers\/what-is-food-insecurity\">https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/featured-insights\/mckinsey-explainers\/what-is-food-insecurity<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\" style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary);\">2<\/sup><span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\"> World Food Programme (WFP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Hunger Hotspots: FAO-WFP early warnings on acute food insecurity: October 2022 to January 2023 outlook, Report, (Rome, Italy: WFP\/FAO, 2022), September 21, 2022, vii, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/cc2134en\/cc2134en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/cc2134en\/cc2134en.pdf<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"endnote3\" style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary);\">3<\/sup><span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\"> \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), \u201cGlobal Report on Food Crises: Acute Food Insecurity Hits New Highs,\u201d May 4, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/newsroom\/detail\/global-report-on-food-crises-acute-food-insecurity-hits-new-highs\/en#:~:text=Acute%20food%20insecurity%20is%20when,IPC)%20and%20the%20Cadre%20Harmonis%C3%A9\">https:\/\/www.fao.org\/newsroom\/detail\/global-report-on-food-crises-acute-food-insecurity-hits-new-highs\/en#:~:text=Acute%20food%20insecurity%20is%20when,IPC)%20and%20the%20Cadre%20Harmonis%C3%A9<\/a>; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), \u201cIn 2023, FAO will require $1.9 billion to reach 48 million people with life-saving and livelihood assistance,\u201d December 1, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/newsroom\/detail\/in-2023-fao-requires-1.9billion-to-reach-48-million-people-with-life-saving-and-livelihood-assistance\/en\">https:\/\/www.fao.org\/newsroom\/detail\/in-2023-fao-requires-1.9billion-to-reach-48-million-people-with-life-saving-and-livelihood-assistance\/en<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4<\/sup> \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), \u201cSustainable Development Goals,\u201d accessed February 20, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/sustainable-development-goals\/indicators\/211\/en\/\">https:\/\/www.fao.org\/sustainable-development-goals\/indicators\/211\/en\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5<\/sup> Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations International Children&#8217;s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), World Food Program (WFP), and World Health Organization (WHO), The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2022: Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable, (Rome, Italy: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO, 2022), 16, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/cc0639en\/cc0639en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/cc0639en\/cc0639en.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6<\/sup> World Bank, \u201cPopulation, total &#8211; Middle East &amp; North Africa,\u201d The World Bank Group, accessed February 20, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=ZQ\">https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=ZQ<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7<\/sup> Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Food Policy Monitoring in the Near East and North Africa region, 4th Quarter 2022 Bulletin, (Cairo, Egypt: FAO, 2022), 2, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/cc3210en\/cc3210en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/cc3210en\/cc3210en.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8<\/sup> Zanny Minton Beddoes, \u201cWhy a Global Recession is Inevitable in 2023,\u201d November 18, 2022, The Economist\u2019s The World Ahead (blog), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/the-world-ahead\/2022\/11\/18\/why-a-global-recession-is-inevitable-in-2023\">https:\/\/www.economist.com\/the-world-ahead\/2022\/11\/18\/why-a-global-recession-is-inevitable-in-2023<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9<\/sup> Tarek Ben Hassen and Hamid El Bilali, \u201cImpacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on Global Food Security: Towards More Sustainable and Resilient Food Systems?,\u201d Foods 11, no. 15 (January 2022): 2301, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11152301\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11152301<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10<\/sup> \u201cWhat Is Food Security?,\u201d World Bank Group, accessed February 20, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/agriculture\/brief\/food-security-update\/what-is-food-security\">https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/agriculture\/brief\/food-security-update\/what-is-food-security<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11<\/sup> Klaus von Grebmer, Jill Bernstein, Miriam Wiemers, Laura Reiner, Marilena Bachmeier, Asja Hanano, Olive Towey, et al., Global Hunger Index: Food Systems Transformation and Local Governance, (Bonn, Germany\/Dublin, Ireland: Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide, 2022), 11, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalhungerindex.org\/pdf\/en\/2022.pdf\">https:\/\/www.globalhungerindex.org\/pdf\/en\/2022.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12<\/sup> Ishtar Al Shami, \u201cFacing Syria&#8217;s Food Crisis,\u201d Fikra Forum (an initiative of The Washington Institute for Near East Policy), February 14, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/facing-syrias-food-crisis\">https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/facing-syrias-food-crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13<\/sup> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote14\">14<\/sup> Hala Mohsen, Yonna Sacre, Lara Hanna-Wakim, and Maha Hoteit, \u201cNutrition and Food Literacy in the MENA Region: A Review to Inform Nutrition Research and Policy Makers,\u201d International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 2022): 2, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191610190\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191610190<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote15\">15 <\/sup>World Population Review Database, \u201cMost Obese Countries 2023,\u201d accessed January 24, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/most-obese-countries\">https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/most-obese-countries<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote16\">16<\/sup> Deep Knowledge Analytics (DKA), \u201cGlobal Food Security Q2 2022: Food Security Index,\u201d accessed February 19, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dka.global\/global-food-security-q2-2022\">https:\/\/www.dka.global\/global-food-security-q2-2022<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote17\">17<\/sup> Charlie Mitchell, \u201cUAE and Uganda to Establish One of the World\u2019s First Agricultural Free Zones,\u201d The National, October 30, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/uae-and-uganda-to-establish-one-of-the-world-s-first-agricultural-free-zones-1.785734#:~:text=The%20UAE%20signed%20a%20deal,production%20and%20development%20in%20Uganda\">https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/uae\/uae-and-uganda-to-establish-one-of-the-world-s-first-agricultural-free-zones-1.785734#:~:text=The%20UAE%20signed%20a%20deal,production%20and%20development%20in%20Uganda<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote18\">18<\/sup> Deep Knowledge Analytics (DKA), \u201cGlobal Food Security Q2 2022.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote19\">19<\/sup> Abhishek G. Bhaya, \u201cChina backs Russian plan for &#8216;collective security&#8217; in Persian Gulf,\u201d CGTN, July 26, 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.cgtn.com\/news\/2019-07-26\/China-backs-Russian-plan-for-collective-security-in-Persian-Gulf-IDEJRWKHLy\/index.html\">https:\/\/news.cgtn.com\/news\/2019-07-26\/China-backs-Russian-plan-for-collective-security-in-Persian-Gulf-IDEJRWKHLy\/index.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote20\">20<\/sup> &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637&#8230; \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b 40 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c&#8230; \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a &#8220;. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 2.97 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 7.9 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote21\">21<\/sup> Salma Al-Shami, Food Insecurity and its Discontents in the Middle East and North Africa, Report, (New Jersey, U.S.A.: Arab Barometer, September 2022), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arabbarometer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ABVII_Food_Insecurity_Report-ENG.pdf\">https:\/\/www.arabbarometer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ABVII_Food_Insecurity_Report-ENG.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote22\">22<\/sup>\u00a0 Al-Shami, Food Insecurity and its Discontents, 12-17.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote23\">23<\/sup> Christoph Duenwald, Yasser Abdih, Kerstin Gerling, Vahram Stepanyan, Abdullah Al-Hassan, Gareth Anderson, Anja Baum, et al., Feeling the Heat: Adapting to Climate Change in the Middle East and Central Asia, Departmental Paper, (Washington, D.C., U.S.A: International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2022), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/Departmental-Papers-Policy-Papers\/Issues\/2022\/03\/25\/Feeling-the-Heat-Adapting-to-Climate-Change-in-the-Middle-East-and-Central-Asia-464856\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/Departmental-Papers-Policy-Papers\/Issues\/2022\/03\/25\/Feeling-the-Heat-Adapting-to-Climate-Change-in-the-Middle-East-and-Central-Asia-464856<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote24\">24<\/sup> \u201cVideo: MENA\u2019s water crisis and how to fix it,\u201d The United Nations Children&#8217;s Fund (UNICEF), March 28, 2022, accessed February 20, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/climatechampions.unfccc.int\/video-menas-water-crisis-and-how-to-fix-it\/#:~:text=MENA%20has%2011%20out%20of,for%20or%20lost%20in%20leakages\">https:\/\/climatechampions.unfccc.int\/video-menas-water-crisis-and-how-to-fix-it\/#:~:text=MENA%20has%2011%20out%20of,for%20or%20lost%20in%20leakages<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote25\">25 <\/sup>\u201cUnited Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UN ESCWA), Arab food security monitoring framework: Country reviews, (Beirut, Lebanon: UN ESCWA, 2021) 92, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unescwa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pubs\/pdf\/arab-food-security-country-reviews-english.pdf\">https:\/\/www.unescwa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pubs\/pdf\/arab-food-security-country-reviews-english.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote26\">26<\/sup> Maghie Ghali, \u201cHow Water Cooperation Can Provide Geopolitical Stability in MENA,\u201d Al Jazeera, April 2, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2022\/4\/2\/blue-peace-how-water-access-can-provide-mena-stability\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2022\/4\/2\/blue-peace-how-water-access-can-provide-mena-stability<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote27\">27<\/sup> Tianyi Luo, Robert Young, and Paul Reig, &#8220;Aqueduct projected water stress rankings,&#8221; Technical Note, (Washington, D.C., U.S.A.: World Resources Institute, August 2015), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wri.org\/publication\/aqueduct-projected-water-stress-country-rankings\">http:\/\/www.wri.org\/publication\/aqueduct-projected-water-stress-country-rankings<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote28\">28<\/sup> Adel Abdel Ghafar, The Return of Egypt? Assessing Egyptian Foreign Policy under Sissi, Issue Brief, (Doha, Qatar: Middle East Council on Global Affairs, November 2022), <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication\/the-return-of-egypt-assessing-egyptian-foreign-policy-under-sissi\/\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication\/the-return-of-egypt-assessing-egyptian-foreign-policy-under-sissi\/<\/a>; Ranj Alaaldin, Iraq\u2019s Climate Crisis: A Geopolitical Conflagration in the Making, Policy Note, (Doha, Qatar: Middle East Council on Global Affairs, June 2022), <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication\/iraqs-climate-crisis-a-geopolitical-conflagration-in-the-making\/\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/publication\/iraqs-climate-crisis-a-geopolitical-conflagration-in-the-making\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote29\">29<\/sup> Sherif Mohy El Deen, \u201cEgypt\u2019s Water Policy After the Construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam,\u201d Research Paper in Dossier entitled Egypt Policy Dialogues, (Paris, France: Arab Reform Initiative, March, 30 2022), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arab-reform.net\/publication\/egypts-water-policy-after-the-construction-of-the-grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam\/\">https:\/\/www.arab-reform.net\/publication\/egypts-water-policy-after-the-construction-of-the-grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote30\">30<\/sup>\u00a0 .\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0631\u064e\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote31\">31<\/sup>\u00a0World Bank Statistical Database, \u201cUrban population (% of total population) &#8211; Middle East &amp; North Africa, World, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia,\u201d accessed January 3, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=ZQ-1W-ZG-8S\">https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=ZQ-1W-ZG-8S<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote32\">32 <\/sup>World Bank Statistical Database, \u201cPopulation growth (annual %) &#8211; World, Middle East &amp; North Africa,\u201d accessed January 3, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.GROW?locations=1W-ZQ\">https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.GROW?locations=1W-ZQ<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote33\">33 <\/sup>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote34\">34 <\/sup>David Fickling, \u201cTo Tackle Hunger, We Need to Fix Food Subsidies,\u201d Bloomberg, August 15, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2022-08-14\/to-tackle-hunger-we-need-to-fix-food-subsidies?leadSource=uverify%20wall\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2022-08-14\/to-tackle-hunger-we-need-to-fix-food-subsidies?leadSource=uverify%20wall<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote35\">35<\/sup> Deep Knowledge Analytics (DKA), Global Food Security Q2 2022, (London, United Kingdom: Deep Knowledge Analytics, July 2022), 15, 53, <a href=\"https:\/\/analytics.dkv.global\/Global_Food_Security_Report_Q2_2022\/Analytical_Study.pdf\">https:\/\/analytics.dkv.global\/Global_Food_Security_Report_Q2_2022\/Analytical_Study.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote36\">36<\/sup> Mohammed Tazrouti, \u201cThe invasion of Ukraine is supercharging food insecurity in the Middle East and North Africa,\u201d Greenpeace, April 12, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/story\/53163\/russia-invasion-of-ukraine-supercharging-food-insecurity-middle-east-north-africa\/\">https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/story\/53163\/russia-invasion-of-ukraine-supercharging-food-insecurity-middle-east-north-africa\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote37\">37 <\/sup>Amal Kandeel, \u201cClimate Vulnerability and Food Insecurity in Mena Should Be Priorities for US Policymakers,\u201d Atlantic Council MENASource (blog), August 31, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/menasource\/climate-vulnerability-and-food-insecurity-in-mena-should-be-priorities-for-us-policymakers\/\">https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/menasource\/climate-vulnerability-and-food-insecurity-in-mena-should-be-priorities-for-us-policymakers\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote38\">38<\/sup> Paul Iddon, \u201cHow the Ukraine war is driving food insecurity in the Middle East,\u201d The New Arab, June 2, 2022, https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/analysis\/middle-easts-deepening-food-crisis; Khouloud Ayari, \u201cWar in Ukraine and food insecurity in Tunisia: Where is reform most needed?,\u201d Arab Reform Initiative, August 4, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arab-reform.net\/publication\/war-in-ukraine-and-food-insecurity-in-tunisia-where-is-reform-most-needed\/\">https:\/\/www.arab-reform.net\/publication\/war-in-ukraine-and-food-insecurity-in-tunisia-where-is-reform-most-needed\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote39\">39<\/sup> Simone Borghesi and Elisa Ticci, \u201cClimate Change in the MENA Region: Environmental Risks, Socioeconomic Effects and Policy Challenges for the Future,\u201d European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed), 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iemed.org\/publication\/climate-change-in-the-mena-region-environmental-risks-socioeconomic-effects-and-policy-challenges-for-the-future\/\">https:\/\/www.iemed.org\/publication\/climate-change-in-the-mena-region-environmental-risks-socioeconomic-effects-and-policy-challenges-for-the-future\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote40\">40<\/sup> Middle East Council on Global Affairs, \u201cMENA Outlook 2023 \u2013 Council Views,\u201d Afk\u0101r (blog), January 5, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/blog_posts\/mena-outlook-2023-council-views\/\">https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/blog_posts\/mena-outlook-2023-council-views\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote41\">41<\/sup> Al-Shami, Food Insecurity and its Discontents, 4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote42\">42<\/sup> World Food Programme (WFP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Hunger Hotspots: FAO-WFP early warnings on acute food insecurity: June to September 2022 Outlook, Report, (Rome, Italy: WFP\/FAO, 2022), June 6, 2022, 35.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote43\">43<\/sup> European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO), \u201cSyria: life in the time of food insecurity,\u201d October 14, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/news-stories\/stories\/syria-life-time-food-insecurity_en#:~:text=Syria%2C%20a%20country%20that%20used,and%20the%20upward%20trend%20continues\">https:\/\/civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu\/news-stories\/stories\/syria-life-time-food-insecurity_en#:~:text=Syria%2C%20a%20country%20that%20used,and%20the%20upward%20trend%20continues<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote44\">44<\/sup> \u201cEgypt Inflation Jumps to Five-Year High in November,\u201d Asharq Al-Awsat, December 9, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/home\/article\/4033646\/egypt-inflation-jumps-five-year-high-november\">https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/home\/article\/4033646\/egypt-inflation-jumps-five-year-high-november<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote45\">45 <\/sup>Tarek Amara, \u201cTunisia Cenbank Warns of Consequences If Inflation Rockets,\u201d Reuters, January 4, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/tunisias-cbank-governor-says-inflation-average-11-2023-up-83-2022-2023-01-04\/\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/tunisias-cbank-governor-says-inflation-average-11-2023-up-83-2022-2023-01-04\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote46\">46 <\/sup>Deep Knowledge Analytics, \u201cGlobal Food Security Q2 2022 &#8211; Top 25 Food Insecure Countries Ranking,\u201d accessed January 4, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dka.global\/global-food-security-q2-2022\">https:\/\/www.dka.global\/global-food-security-q2-2022<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote47\">47\u00a0<\/sup>World Food Programme (WFP), WFP Syria Country Brief, (Rome, Italy: World Food Programme, November 2022), <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.wfp.org\/api\/documents\/WFP-0000145474\/download\/?_ga=2.238188038.725556833.1672916770-1193575793.1672916770&amp;_gac=1.217219684.1672916770.CjwKCAiAh9qdBhAOEiwAvxIok36EmC_v6oN-VZmF5fURO7H3ANSAmU7t8KxsuJD7oZLLg_JCjowIIBoCvNkQAvD_BwE\">https:\/\/docs.wfp.org\/api\/documents\/WFP-0000145474\/download\/?_ga=2.238188038.725556833.1672916770-1193575793.1672916770&amp;_gac=1.217219684.1672916770.CjwKCAiAh9qdBhAOEiwAvxIok36EmC_v6oN-VZmF5fURO7H3ANSAmU7t8KxsuJD7oZLLg_JCjowIIBoCvNkQAvD_BwE<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote48\">48<\/sup> World Food Programme (WFP) and Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), Hunger Hotspots: June to September 2022 Outlook, 39.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote49\">49<\/sup> Food and Agriculture Organization, \u201cThe UAE and FAO: Partnering for Sustainable Agricultural Development and Food Security,\u201d September 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/az580e\/az580e.pdf\">https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/az580e\/az580e.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote50\">50\u00a0<\/sup>Micha\u00ebl Tanchum, The India-Middle East Food Corridor: How the UAE, Israel, and India are forging a new inter-regional supply chain, (Washington D.C., U.S.A.: Middle East Institute, July 27, 2022), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/india-middle-east-food-corridor-how-uae-israel-and-india-are-forging-new-inter\">https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/india-middle-east-food-corridor-how-uae-israel-and-india-are-forging-new-inter<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote51\">51<\/sup> Saker El Nour, Agricultural and Food Policies in Egypt between 2014 and 2021: What Changed and What Didn&#8217;t, Research Paper, (Arab Reform Initiative, January 5, 2023), 5, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arab-reform.net\/publication\/agricultural-and-food-policies-in-egypt-between-2014-and-2021-what-changed-and-what-didnt\/\">https:\/\/www.arab-reform.net\/publication\/agricultural-and-food-policies-in-egypt-between-2014-and-2021-what-changed-and-what-didnt\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote52\">52<\/sup> Annamaria Mazzoni, \u201cWhy Qatar\u2019s Food Security Efforts are Paying Dividends,\u201d Qatar Environment &amp; Energy Research Institute (QEERI), January 10, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbku.edu.qa\/en\/news\/QEERI-SUST-WQFSEAPD\">https:\/\/www.hbku.edu.qa\/en\/news\/QEERI-SUST-WQFSEAPD<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote53\">53 <\/sup>Salim Ghazaly, Roger Rabbat, Makram Debbas, Aya Hallak, \u201cHow the Middle East can Promote Agritech,\u201d PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) Strategy&amp; (blog), November, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.strategyand.pwc.com\/m1\/en\/strategic-foresight\/sector-strategies\/consumer-retail-industry\/promoteagritech.html\">https:\/\/www.strategyand.pwc.com\/m1\/en\/strategic-foresight\/sector-strategies\/consumer-retail-industry\/promoteagritech.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote54\">54<\/sup> United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UN ESCWA), Arab food security, 261.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote55\">55<\/sup> Souad Anouar, \u201cGhallaty: Morocco&#8217;s Award-Winning, Agri-Tech Solution for Farmers,\u201d Morocco World News, May 26, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moroccoworldnews.com\/2022\/05\/349297\/moroccans-develop-award-winning-agri-tech-solution-ghallaty\">https:\/\/www.moroccoworldnews.com\/2022\/05\/349297\/moroccans-develop-award-winning-agri-tech-solution-ghallaty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote56\">56<\/sup> Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Crop Prospects and Food Situation, Quarterly Global Report No. 4, (Rome, Italy: FAO, December 2022), 13, <a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/crop-prospects-and-food-situation-quarterly-global-report-no4-december-2022\">https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/crop-prospects-and-food-situation-quarterly-global-report-no4-december-2022<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":468407,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[94,113,80,86],"programs":[],"publication_type":[90],"class_list":["post-468399","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-94","geographic_area-113","geographic_area-80","geographic_area-86","publication_type-90","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/468399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=468399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=468399"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=468399"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=468399"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=468399"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=468399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}