{"id":467255,"date":"2022-09-27T12:32:31","date_gmt":"2022-09-27T12:32:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=467255"},"modified":"2024-02-10T10:56:42","modified_gmt":"2024-02-10T10:56:42","slug":"%d8%af%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d8%af%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 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href=\"#endnote10\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a>\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: &#8220;Track One and a Half Diplomacy and the Complementarity of Tracks&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c<a href=\"#endnote43\" name=\"_ednref1\"><sup>43<\/sup><\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064e \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1<\/sup> Nathaniel Allen and Travis Sharp, \u201cProcess Peace: A New Evaluation Framework for Track II Diplomacy,\u201d <em>International Negotiation <\/em>22, no. 1 (February 2017): 92-122, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/15718069-12341349\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/15718069-12341349<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2<\/sup> \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u062b\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3<\/sup> \u0623\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4<\/sup> Charles Homans, \u201cTrack II Diplomacy: A Short History,\u201d <em>Foreign Policy<\/em>, June 20, 2011, <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2011\/06\/20\/track-ii-diplomacy-a-short-history\/\">https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2011\/06\/20\/track-ii-diplomacy-a-short-history\/<\/a>; Peter Jones, \u201cFilling a critical gap, or just wasting time? Track Two diplomacy and regional security in the Middle East,\u201d UNIDIR, <em>Disarmament Forum, <\/em>Issue 2, 2008, 3, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/arms-control-in-the-middle-east-en-327.pdf\">https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/arms-control-in-the-middle-east-en-327.pdf<\/a>; William D. Davidson and Joseph V. Montville, \u201cForeign Policy According to Freud,\u201d <em>Foreign Policy<\/em> no. 45 (Winter 1981-82): 145-157, <a href=\"https:\/\/www-jstor-org.eres.qnl.qa\/stable\/pdf\/1148317.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_SYC-4946%252Fcontrol&amp;refreqid=excelsior%3Aa5f633400d5ea66d40c9b0cf0189fe9e\">https:\/\/www-jstor-org.eres.qnl.qa\/stable\/pdf\/1148317.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_SYC-4946%252Fcontrol&amp;refreqid=excelsior%3Aa5f633400d5ea66d40c9b0cf0189fe9e<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5<\/sup> Jones, \u201cFilling a Critical Gap, or Just Wasting Time?\u201d 10.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6<\/sup> Davidson and Montville, \u201cForeign Policy According to Freud,\u201d 155.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7<\/sup> Ibid., 155.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8<\/sup> Peter Jones, \u201cThe Future of Track Two Diplomacy,\u201d <em>Global Brief,<\/em> Fall 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/globalbrief.ca\/2015\/10\/the-future-of-track-two-diplomacy\/\">https:\/\/globalbrief.ca\/2015\/10\/the-future-of-track-two-diplomacy\/<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9<\/sup> Jones, \u201cThe Future of Track Two Diplomacy.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10<\/sup> John W. McDonald, \u201cProfile: The Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy,\u201d <em>Journal of Conflictology<\/em> 3, no. 2 (2012): 66-67, <a href=\"https:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/descarga\/articulo\/5589748.pdf\">https:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/descarga\/articulo\/5589748.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11<\/sup> Jeffrey Mapendere, \u201cTrack One and a Half Diplomacy and the Complementarity of Tracks,\u201d <em>Culture of Peace Online Journal<\/em> 2, no. 1 (2006): 70, <a href=\"https:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/sites\/peacemaker.un.org\/files\/TrackOneandaHalfDiplomacy_Mapendere.pdf\">https:\/\/peacemaker.un.org\/sites\/peacemaker.un.org\/files\/TrackOneandaHalfDiplomacy_Mapendere.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12<\/sup> Mapendere, \u201cTrack One and a Half Diplomacy,\u201d 70.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote13\">13<\/sup> Mapendere, \u201cTrack One and a Half Diplomacy,\u201d 77-78.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote14\">14<\/sup> Pernille Rieker, \u201cChapter 1: Introduction,\u201d in <em>Dialogue and Conflict Resolution: Potential and Limits<\/em>, eds. Pernille Rieker and Henrik Thune (Surrey, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2015), 3.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote15\">15<\/sup> Rieker, \u201cChapter 1: Introduction,\u201d 3.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote16\">16<\/sup> Henrik Thune and Frida Nome, \u201cThe Dysfunctions of Non-party Conflict Diplomacy,\u201d in <em>Dialogue and Conflict Resolution: Potential and Limits<\/em>, eds. Pernille Rieker and Henrik Thune (Surrey, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2015), 33.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote17\">17<\/sup>Thune and Nome, \u201cThe Dysfunctions of Non-party Conflict Diplomacy,\u201d 33-34.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote18\">18<\/sup> Jones, \u201cThe Future of Track Two Diplomacy.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote19\">19<\/sup> Homans, \u201cTrack II Diplomacy: A Short History.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote20\">20<\/sup> Peter Jones, \u201cThe Merits of Track Two Diplomacy,\u201d Stanford University Press Blog, September 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/stanfordpress.typepad.com\/blog\/2015\/09\/the-merits-of-track-two-diplomacy-1.html\">https:\/\/stanfordpress.typepad.com\/blog\/2015\/09\/the-merits-of-track-two-diplomacy-1.html<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote21\">21<\/sup> Jones, \u201cThe Future of Track Two Diplomacy.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote22\">22<\/sup> Julian Thomas Hottinger, \u201cThe Relationship Between Track One and Track Two Diplomacy,\u201d <em>Conciliation Resources<\/em>, Accord Issue 16: Engaging armed groups, May 2005, <a href=\"https:\/\/rc-services-assets.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3fs-public\/Accord16_13Therelationshipbetweentrackone_2005_ENG.pdf\">https:\/\/rc-services-assets.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3fs-public\/Accord16_13Therelationshipbetweentrackone_2005_ENG.pdf<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote23\">23<\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0648\u062a\u0646\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645:<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\">Hottinger, \u201cThe relationship between track one and track two diplomacy.\u201d<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote24\">24<\/sup> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote25\">25<\/sup> Important exceptions include Susan H. Allen, \u201cEvolving Best Practices: Engaging the Strengths of Both External and Local Peacebuilders in Track Two Dialogues through Local Ownership,\u201d <em>International Negotiation<\/em> 26, no. 1 (October 2020): 67\u201384, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/15718069-BJA10006\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/15718069-BJA10006<\/a>; Julia Palmiano Federer, \u201cCowboys or Mavericks? The Normative Agency of NGO Mediators,\u201d in <em>Rethinking Peace Mediation: Challenges of Contemporary Peacemaking Practice<\/em>, eds. Catherine Turner and Martin W\u00e4hlisch (Bristol, UK: Bristol University Press, 2021), 71-92; Sini\u0161a Vukovi\u0107 and Danielle Martin, \u201cWhen Do Mediators Say \u2018No\u2019? The Case of American Resistance to Mediating the Gulf Diplomatic Crisis,\u201d <em>Negotiation Journal<\/em> 38, no. 2 (Spring 2022): 257\u201383, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nejo.12397\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nejo.12397<\/a>; Ibrahim Fraihat, \u201cSuperpower and Small-State Mediation in the Qatar Gulf Crisis,\u201d <em>International Spectator<\/em> 55, no. 2 (May 2020): 79-91, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03932729.2020.1741268\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03932729.2020.1741268<\/a>; Mohammed Nuruzzaman, \u201cGulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Qatar and Dispute Mediations: A Critical Investigation.\u201d <em>Contemporary Arab Affairs<\/em> 8, no. 4 (October-December 2015): 535-52, https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/48600022; Mehran Kamrava, \u201cMediation and Qatari Foreign Policy,\u201d <em>The Middle East Journal<\/em> 65, no. 4 (Autumn 2011): 539\u201356, http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41342739.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote26\">26<\/sup> Sara Hellm\u00fcller, \u201cPeacemaking in a Shifting World Order: A Macro-Level Analysis of UN Mediation in Syria,\u201d <em>Review of International Studies<\/em> 48, no. 3 (April 2022): 543-59, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S026021052200016X\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S026021052200016X<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote27\">27<\/sup> Allen, \u201cEvolving Best Practices,\u201d 70.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote28\">28<\/sup> See Mohammed Abu-Nimer, \u201cConflict Resolution Approaches: Western and Middle Eastern Lessons and Possibilities,\u201d <em>The American Journal of Economics and Sociology<\/em> 55, no.1 (January 1996): 35-52, https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3487672; Mohammed Abu-Nimer, \u201cConflict Resolution Training in the Middle East: Lessons to be Learned,\u201d <em>I<\/em><em>nternational Negotiation<\/em> 3, no.1 (January 1998): 99-116, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/15718069820848120\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/15718069820848120<\/a>; Polly Walker, \u201cDecolonizing Conflict Resolution: Addressing the Ontological Violence of Westernization,\u201d American Indian Quarterly 28, no. 3\/4 (Summer\/Autumn 2004): 527-49, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4138930\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4138930<\/a>; Kristina Roepstorff and Anna Bernhard, \u201cInsider Mediation in Peace Processes: An Untapped Resource?\u201d <em>Sicherheit Und Frieden (S+F) \/ Security and Peace<\/em> 31, no. 3 (2013): 163-69, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24233238\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24233238<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote29\">29<\/sup> Walker, \u201cDecolonizing Conflict Resolution,\u201d 527.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote30\">30<\/sup> Walker, \u201cDecolonizing Conflict Resolution,\u201d 530.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote31\">31<\/sup> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote32\">32<\/sup> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote33\">33<\/sup> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote34\">34<\/sup> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote35\">35<\/sup> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote36\">36<\/sup> Allen and Sharp, \u201cProcess Peace,\u201d 93.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote37\">37<\/sup> Allen and Sharp, \u201cProcess Peace,\u201d 108.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote38\">38<\/sup> Mehran Kamrava, \u201cMediation and Qatari Foreign Policy,\u201d 553.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote39\">39<\/sup> D. Backer, \u201cWatching a Bargain Unravel? A Panel Study of Victims\u2019 Attitudes about Transitional Justice in Cape Town, South Africa,\u201d 4 <em>IJTJ <\/em>(2010): 443-456.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote40\">40<\/sup> Allen, \u201cEvolving Best Practices,\u201d 77.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote41\">41<\/sup> Sultan Barakat, <em>Qatari Mediation: Between Ambition and Achievement,<\/em> Analysis Paper no. 12, (Doha, Qatar: Brookings Doha Center, November 2014), 38, https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/qatari-mediation-between-ambition-and-achievement\/.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote42\">42<\/sup> Allen and Sharp, \u201cProcess Peace,\u201d 94.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><sup id=\"endnote43\">43<\/sup> \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0647.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":467627,"template":"","categories":[64],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[94,113,80,86],"programs":[],"publication_type":[90],"class_list":["post-467255","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-64","geographic_area-94","geographic_area-113","geographic_area-80","geographic_area-86","publication_type-90","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/467255","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=467255"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=467255"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=467255"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=467255"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=467255"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=467255"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}