{"id":1111,"date":"2022-06-01T11:35:59","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T11:35:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil-backend.hellotree.dev\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=1111"},"modified":"2024-07-23T08:25:14","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T08:25:14","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/publication\/%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a: 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data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-1_Arabic-1024x562.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\" width=\"750\" height=\"412\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-1_Arabic-1024x562.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-1_Arabic-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-1_Arabic-768x422.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-1_Arabic-1536x843.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-1_Arabic-1568x861.png 1568w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-1_Arabic.png 1822w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/412;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2374\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">World Integrated Trade Solution, World Bank (2022).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2001\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a2).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 2: \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0646 2000 \u06482019<\/h5>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2376\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2376\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2376 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-2_Arabic-1024x562.png\" alt=\"\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\" width=\"750\" height=\"412\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-2_Arabic-1024x562.png 1024w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-2_Arabic-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-2_Arabic-768x421.png 768w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-2_Arabic-1536x843.png 1536w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-2_Arabic-1568x860.png 1568w, https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Issue-Brief-5_Figure-2_Arabic.png 1823w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 750px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 750\/412;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2376\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">World Integrated Trade Solution, World Bank (2022) :\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0651\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0634\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u0628\u0639\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0651 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0651\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote1\">1 <\/sup>\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627:<br \/>\nAdel Abdel Ghafar, \u201cSino-GCC Relations: Past, Present, and Future Trajectories\u201d in The Gulf Cooperation Council at Forty: Risk and Opportunity in a Changing World, eds. Tarik M. Yousef and Adel Abdel Ghafar (Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2022)<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote2\">2\u00a0<\/sup>Frank Tang, \u201cChina Meets Gulf Oil Bloc with Sights Set on Trade Deal, Energy Security,\u201d South China Morning Post, January 12, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/economy\/china-economy\/article\/3163121\/china-meets-gulf-oil-bloc-sights-set-free-trade-agreement-and\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/economy\/china-economy\/article\/3163121\/china-meets-gulf-oil-bloc-sights-set-free-trade-agreement-and<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote3\">3\u00a0<\/sup>Camille Lons and others, \u201cChina\u2019s Great Game in the Middle East,\u201d Policy Brief (London: European Council on Foreign Relations, 2019),<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/china_great_game_middle_east\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/china_great_game_middle_east<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote4\">4 <\/sup><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/china_great_game_middle_east\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/publications\/summary\/china_great_game_middle_east<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote5\">5\u00a0<\/sup>Reuters and Lisa Barrington, \u201cUAE Launches COVID-19 Vaccine Production with China&#8217;s Sinopharm,\u201d Reuters, March 29, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/new-abu-dhabi-plant-manufacture-covid-19-vaccine-chinas-sinopharm-2021-03-29\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/new-abu-dhabi-plant-manufacture-covid-19-vaccine-chinas-sinopharm-2021-03-29\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote6\">6\u00a0<\/sup>Sophie Smith, \u201cChina\u2019s Increasing Economic Presence in Oman: Implications for Oman&#8217;s Economy,\u201d Euro-Gulf Information Center, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.egic.info\/china-economic-presence-oman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.egic.info\/china-economic-presence-oman<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote7\">7\u00a0<\/sup>Mordechai Chaziza, \u201cThe Significant Role of Oman in China\u2019s Maritime Silk Road Initiative,\u201d Contemporary Review of the Middle East 6, no. 1 (March 2019), 44\u201357.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote8\">8<\/sup>Jonathan Fulton, \u201cChina Is Trying to Create a Wedge between the US and Gulf Allies. Washington Should Take Note,\u201d Atlantic Council, January 27, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/menasource\/china-is-trying-to-create-a-wedge-between-the-us-and-gulf-allies-washington-should-take-note\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/menasource\/china-is-trying-to-create-a-wedge-between-the-us-and-gulf-allies-washington-should-take-note\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote9\">9\u00a0<\/sup>Francesco Salesio Schiavi and Mattia Serra, eds., \u201cThe Gulf and China: A Broadening Partnership?,\u201d ISPI, January 14, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/en\/pubblicazione\/gulf-and-china-broadening-partnership-32872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/en\/pubblicazione\/gulf-and-china-broadening-partnership-32872<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote10\">10\u00a0<\/sup>Cao Siqi and Wan Hengyi, \u201cChina, Gulf Countries Pledge Advancing Partnership, FTA Talks,\u201d Global Times, January 12, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globaltimes.cn\/page\/202201\/1245800.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.globaltimes.cn\/page\/202201\/1245800.shtml<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote11\">11\u00a0<\/sup>Theodore Karasik, The GCC&#8217;s New Affair with China, Middle East Institute, February 24, 2016, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/gccs-new-affair-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/gccs-new-affair-china<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote12\">12\u00a0<\/sup>Kristin Huang, \u201cChina and Iran: A Relationship Built on Trade, Weapons and Oil,\u201d South China Morning Post, January 9, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/military\/article\/3045253\/china-and-iran-relationship-built-trade-weapons-and-oil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/military\/article\/3045253\/china-and-iran-relationship-built-trade-weapons-and-oil<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647. <sup id=\"endnote13\">13<\/sup><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote14\">14\u00a0<\/sup>Gafar K. Ahmed, \u201cIn Search of a Strategic Partnership: China-Qatar Energy Cooperation, from 1988 to 2015,\u201d in The Arab States of the Gulf and BRICS: New Strategic Partnerships in Politics and Economics, ed. Tim Niblock, Degang Sun, and Alejandra Galindo (Berlin: Gerlach Press, 2016), 193.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote15\">15<\/sup>Joseph Y. S. Cheng, \u201cChina&#8217;s Relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council States: Multilevel Diplomacy in a Divided Arab World,\u201d China Review 16, no. 1 (Spring 2016), 38,<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43709960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> www.jstor.org\/stable\/43709960<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote16\">16\u00a0<\/sup>Karasik, The GCC&#8217;s New Affair with China<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote17\">17\u00a0<\/sup>Cheng, \u201cChina&#8217;s Relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council States,\u201d 39<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote18\">18<\/sup>Jonathan Fulton, \u201cStrangers to Strategic Partners: Thirty Years of Sino- Saudi Relations,\u201d Atlantic Council, August 2020,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Sino-Saudi-Relations_WEB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Sino-Saudi-Relations_WEB.pdf<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote19\">19\u00a0<\/sup>Farnaz Fassihi and Steven Lee Myers, \u201cDefying U.S., China and Iran Near Trade and Military Partnership,\u201d New York Times, September 24, 2021,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/07\/11\/world\/asia\/china-iran-trade-military-deal.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/07\/11\/world\/asia\/china-iran-trade-military-deal.html<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote20\">20\u00a0<\/sup>Riyaz ul Khaliq, \u201cChina Says Ties with Saudi Arabia a Priority in Its Middle East Diplomacy,\u201d Anadolu Ajans\u0131, October 18, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/asia-pacific\/china-says-ties-with-saudi-arabia-a-priority-in-its-middle-east-diplomacy\/2395341\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/asia-pacific\/china-says-ties-with-saudi-arabia-a-priority-in-its-middle-east-diplomacy\/2395341<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<sup id=\"endnote21\">21<\/sup><br \/>\nYahia H. Zoubir, and Emilie Tran, \u201cChina\u2019s Health Silk Road in the Middle East and North Africa amidst COVID-19 and a Contested World Order,\u201d Journal of Contemporary China (2021), 1-16, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10670564.2021.1966894\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10670564.2021.1966894<\/a>; Jonathan Fulton, \u201cChina&#8217;s Soft Power during the Coronavirus Is Winning over the Gulf States,\u201d Atlantic Council, April 16, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/menasource\/chinas-soft-power-during-the-coronavirus-is-winning-over-the-gulf-states\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/menasource\/chinas-soft-power-during-the-coronavirus-is-winning-over-the-gulf-states\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote22\">22\u00a0<\/sup>Illari Papa, \u201cChina\u2019s Foreign Minister Tours the Middle East: Outcomes and Implications,\u201d PolicyWatch 3468 (Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2021), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/chinas-foreign-minister-tours-middle-east-outcomes-and-implications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/chinas-foreign-minister-tours-middle-east-outcomes-and-implications<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote23\">23\u00a0<\/sup>Barbara Plett-Usher, \u201cUS and China Trade Angry Words at High Level Alaska Talks,\u201d BBC, March 19, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-56452471\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-56452471<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote24\">24\u00a0<\/sup>Xu Keyue, \u201cMideast States Back China\u2019s Xinjiang Stance,\u201d Global Times, March 25, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globaltimes.cn\/page\/202103\/1219498.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.globaltimes.cn\/page\/202103\/1219498.shtml<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote25\">25\u00a0<\/sup>Andreas Krieg, \u201cThe UAE\u2019s Tilt to China,\u201d Middle East Eye, October 1, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/opinion\/why-security-partnership-between-abu-dhabi-and-beijing-growing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/opinion\/why-security-partnership-between-abu-dhabi-and-beijing-growing<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote26\">26\u00a0<\/sup>Bloomberg, \u201cChina Picks UAE as Regional Production Hub for Sinopharm Covid-19 vaccine,\u201d Straits Times, March 28, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/world\/middle-east\/china-picks-uae-as-regional-production-hub-for-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/world\/middle-east\/china-picks-uae-as-regional-production-hub-for-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccine<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<sup id=\"endnote27\">27<\/sup><br \/>\nEyck Freymann, \u201cInfluence without Entanglement in the Middle East,\u201d Foreign Policy, February 25, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/02\/25\/influence-without-entanglement-in-the-middle-east\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/02\/25\/influence-without-entanglement-in-the-middle-east<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<sup id=\"endnote28\">28<\/sup><br \/>\nDegang Sun and Yahia H. Zoubir, \u201cSecuring China\u2019s \u2018Latent Power\u2019: The Dragon\u2019s Anchorage in Djibouti,\u201d Journal of Contemporary China, 30, no.130 (2021), 677\u201392, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10670564.2020.1852734\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10670564.2020.1852734<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote29\">29\u00a0<\/sup>Sun Degang, \u201cChina\u2019s Soft Military Presence in the Middle East,\u201d King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, January 2018, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kfcris.com\/pdf\/07b46fba22562acf20bb92fb68f5ea5c5aaa11036d535.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.kfcris.com\/pdf\/07b46fba22562acf20bb92fb68f5ea5c5aaa11036d535.pdf<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote30\">30\u00a0<\/sup>Program with Help from China,\u201d CNN, June 5, 2019, https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2019\/06\/05\/politics\/us-intelligence-saudi-arabia-ballistic-missile-china\/index.html; Jeffrey Lewis, \u201cWhy Did Saudi Arabia Buy Chinese Missiles?,\u201d Foreign Policy, January 30, 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2014\/01\/30\/why-did-saudi-arabia-buy-chinese-missiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2014\/01\/30\/why-did-saudi-arabia-buy-chinese-missiles<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote31\">31\u00a0<\/sup>Dan De Luce, \u201cSenators Warn Trump Admin Not to Bypass Congress Again on Arms Sales,\u201d NBC News, July 10, 2019, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/congress\/senators-warn-trump-admin-not-bypass-congress-again-arms-sales-n1028566\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/congress\/senators-warn-trump-admin-not-bypass-congress-again-arms-sales-n1028566<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote32\">32\u00a0<\/sup>Zachary Cohen, \u201cCNN Exclusive: US Intel and Satellite Images Show Saudi Arabia Is Now Building Its Own Ballistic Missiles with Help of China, CNN, December 23, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2021\/12\/23\/politics\/saudi-ballistic-missiles-china\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2021\/12\/23\/politics\/saudi-ballistic-missiles-china\/index.html<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote33\">33\u00a0<\/sup>Congress.gov. \u201cText &#8211; H.R.6269 &#8211; 117th Congress (2021-2022): Monitoring China-UAE Cooperation Act,\u201d December 14, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/117th-congress\/house-bill\/6269\/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/117th-congress\/house-bill\/6269\/text<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote34\">34\u00a0<\/sup>Farah AlSharif, \u201cQatar\u2019s Defence Ministry \u2018Modernises\u2019 Al-Udeid Air Base in Latest Expansion Project,\u201d Doha News, August 4, 2021,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dohanews.co\/qatars-defence-ministry-modernises-al-udeid-air-base-in-latest-expansion-project\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/www.dohanews.co\/qatars-defence-ministry-modernises-al-udeid-air-base-in-latest-expansion-project\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote35\">35\u00a0<\/sup>Commander, Navy Installations Command Notification, accessed March 23, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cusnc.navy.mil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cusnc.navy.mil\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote36\">36\u00a0<\/sup>Jon Gambrell and Howard Altman, \u201cUS Troops Sheltered, Fired Patriot Missiles during Yemen Houthi Attack on UAE,\u201d Military Times, February 1, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.militarytimes.com\/flashpoints\/2022\/02\/01\/us-military-fired-patriot-missiles-during-yemen-houthi-attack-on-uae\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.militarytimes.com\/flashpoints\/2022\/02\/01\/us-military-fired-patriot-missiles-during-yemen-houthi-attack-on-uae\/<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote37\">37\u00a0<\/sup>Yoram Evron, \u201cThe Challenge of Implementing the Belt and Road Initiative in the Middle East: Connectivity Projects under Conditions of Limited Political Engagement,\u201d China Quarterly 237 (March 2019), 196\u2013216, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0305741018001273\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0305741018001273<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote38\">38\u00a0<\/sup>Liu Zhen, \u201cChina, Iran to Forge Closer Ties due to Common Threat from United States, Analysts Say,\u201d South China Morning Post, May 23, 2019, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/diplomacy\/article\/3011573\/china-iran-forge-closer-ties-due-common-threat-united-states\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/diplomacy\/article\/3011573\/china-iran-forge-closer-ties-due-common-threat-united-states<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote39\">39\u00a0<\/sup>Fulton, China\u2019s Changing Role,10\u201311<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<sup id=\"endnote40\">40<\/sup><br \/>\nThomas J. Wright, All Measures Short of War: The Contest for the Twenty-First Century and the Future of American Power (Yale University Press, 2017); Thomas J. Christensen, The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power (New York: W. W. Norton, 2016); Lars Erslev Andersen, \u201cChina, the Middle East and the Reshaping of World Order: The Case of Iran,\u201d Working Paper 14 (Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies, 2019), <a href=\"https:\/\/pure.diis.dk\/ws\/files\/3166089\/DIIS_WP_2019_14_China_the_Middle_East_and_the_reshaping_of_world_order.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pure.diis.dk\/ws\/files\/3166089\/DIIS_WP_2019_14_China_the_Middle_East_and_the_reshaping_of_world_order.pdf<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup id=\"endnote41\">41\u00a0<\/sup>Daniel Benaim and Michael Wahid Hanna, \u201cThe Enduring American Presence in the Middle East,\u201d Foreign Affairs, August 7, 2019, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/middle-east\/2019-08-07\/enduring-american-presence-middle-east\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/middle-east\/2019-08-07\/enduring-american-presence-middle-east<\/a>; Jerome H Kahan, \u201cSecurity Assurances for the Gulf States: A Bearable Burden?.\u201d Middle East Policy 23, no. 3 (2016), 30\u201338.<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":467644,"template":"","categories":[],"institution":[],"geographic_area":[80],"programs":[],"publication_type":[90],"class_list":["post-1111","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","geographic_area-80","publication_type-90","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/1111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1111"},{"taxonomy":"institution","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/institution?post=1111"},{"taxonomy":"geographic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/geographic_area?post=1111"},{"taxonomy":"programs","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/programs?post=1111"},{"taxonomy":"publication_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type?post=1111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}