{"id":468504,"date":"2023-03-16T12:11:20","date_gmt":"2023-03-16T12:11:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/?post_type=blog_posts&#038;p=468504"},"modified":"2026-04-09T12:28:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T12:28:09","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%b2%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a2%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"blog_posts","link":"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/ar\/blog_posts\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%b2%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a2%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a &#8211; \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064c \u0645\u0646 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justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/experts_members\/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ac-%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641. \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u062b \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/1992\/Iraq926.htm\">\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/meetdocs\/2009_2014\/documents\/d-iq\/dv\/03_kurdishgenocidesofanfalandhalabja_\/03_kurdishgenocidesofanfalandhalabja_en.pdf\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/45242511\">\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2003\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/55372\">\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/shiite_militias_iraq_english.pdf\">\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/meetdocs\/2009_2014\/documents\/d-iq\/dv\/03_kurdishgenocidesofanfalandhalabja_\/03_kurdishgenocidesofanfalandhalabja_en.pdf\">\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a>. \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u063a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 2011. \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-syria-idUSTRE76T02020110802\">\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0641 &#8230;. \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/experts_members\/%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%8a\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 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\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mecouncil.org\/experts_members\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b4%d9%8a%d9%84\/?lang=ar\"><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 &#8220;\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com.qa\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=7uWFAwAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PR9&amp;ots=ZeE4AMUuUK&amp;sig=rp7YDi69JqhVt6jbD5odRwAELCk&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/docserver\/gov_glance-2013-6-en.pdf?expires=1678795561&amp;id=id&amp;accname=guest&amp;checksum=6AF282AD6F2992403DF8342CB8F07232\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7913086\/\">\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629<\/a>. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a (Pew Charitable Trusts) \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/global\/2003\/06\/03\/views-of-a-changing-world-2003\/\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/global\/2003\/06\/03\/views-of-a-changing-world-2003\/\">\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0641\u0648\u0646<\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 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